Chapter 6 - Behaviour therapy Flashcards
behaviour =
a broad category of motor behaviours, physiological responses, emotions and cognitions
common features of different behavior therapies:
- changing behaviour (decrease maladaptive behaviours, increase adaptive behaviours)
- empiricism
- all behaviours are assumed to have a function
- emphasis on maintaining factors instead of triggering factors
- directive (therapist provides advice and suggestions, client is also active)
- transparent (detailed rationale and instructions for each strategy)
rational emotive behavior therapy =
a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that aims to help a person challenge unhelpful thoughts to avoid negative emotions or behaviors.
overeenkomsten behavior therapy en rational emotive behavior therapy =
time limited, directive, transparent, evidence-based, focused on maintaining factors
behavior therapy vs psychoanalysis=
psycho analysis is more non-directive, less transparent, less evidence based, more reliant on the therapists interpretation and more focused on factors that might have triggered/developed the problems. syptoms are regarded as manifestations of unconscious conflicts and motivations, leading to symptom substitution.
in BT: generalization of improvement to multiple areas of functioning (ipv symptom substitution)
symptom substitution=
an underlying problem showing up in another form when a surface symptom is treated
the most influential approach to personality=
the five factor model of personality (Big Five)
= a model of personality with 5 core domains: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
heo staan behavioural approaches tegenover personality
BT rejects the idea that personality can predict behaviour. this is because they believe that behaviour is mainly influenced by the environment (therefore challenging the existence of stable characteristics).
however, reasearch shows that individual temperaments can influence behaviour.
classical conditioning =
a form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus (CS) comes to predict the occurrence of a second stimulus (US), thereby eliciting a conditioned response (CR)
extinction in classical conditioning =
presentation of the CS in the absence of the US so that the CR eventually stops occuring.
reinstatement=
a repairing of the US and the CS after extinction, leading to a return of fear
operant conditioning=
a form of learning in the frequency or strength of behavior is influenced by its consequences.
- reinforcement: increase in behaviour
- punishment: decrease in behaviour
positive reinforcement =
rewarding stimulus
negative reinforcement =
the removal of an aversive stimulus
positive punishment =
an aversive stimulus
negative punishment =
the removal of a desired stimulus
extinction in operant conditioning=
behaviour is no longer reinforced, therefore it stops
discrimination learning=
when a response is reinforced or punished in some situations but not in others, which leads to the response becoming context dependent
generalization =
the occurence of a learned behaviour in other situations than where it was acquired
vicarious learning=
a form of learning by watching the behavior of others
instructional learning =
a behaviour that is learned through information that one hears or reads
corrective learning =
behaviour therapy assumes that all behaviour is learned through association (classical conditioning), consequences (operant conditioning), observation (vicarious learning) or rules learned through communication and language (instructional learning). thus, BT aims to help clients by providing corrective leraning experiences that lead to changes in behaviour
is de therapeutische relatie van belang?
ja, het kan sociale reinforcement geven en motiveren
