Chapter 6: Anatomy and physiology Flashcards
To pass the test!
What are secretory organs that remove and release certain elements from the blood and convert them into compounds?
Glands
The endocrine stystem is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect:
Growth, development, sexual functions, health of the entire body.
The purpose of a lymph is to…
protect cells
The lymphatic/immune system is closely related to the….
cardiovascular system
The lymphatic/immune system consists of the…
lymph nodes, capillaries and other structures.
The two arteries that are the main blood supply for the arms and hands are…
Ulnar and Radial Arteries
The artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth and nose is the…
Facial artery
The artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and lower region of the nose is…
Superior labial artery
The popliteal artery divides into two separate arteries called…
Posterior and Anterior Arteries
The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the
brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and internal ear.
The external carotid artery supplies blood to the
anterior scalp parts, ear,
The arteries located of either side of the face, head and neck are the
Carotid arteries
Red blood cells are produced in the
bone marrow
The complex iron protein that binds to oxygen is
Hemoglobin
What cells perform the function of destroying disease causing micro-organism?
White blood cells
What contributes to the blood clotting process?
Platelets
The fluid part of the blood is the
Plasma
Thick walled muscular flexible tubes are the:
Arteries
The tiny thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins are
Capillaries
Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins are called:
Venules
Small arteries that deliver blood to vessels that are less elastic are:
Veins
Small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries are the
Arterioles
Two systems circulate blood constantly from the time it leaves until the time it returns. __________ sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified.
Pulmonary
Two systems circulate blood constantly from the time it leaves until the time it returns. _________ carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to heart.
Systemic
The structures between the heart chambers that allow the blood to flow in only 1 direction are
Valves
The lower, thick walled chambers on the left and the right of the heart are
Ventricle
The upper thin walled chambers on the left and right are the
Atrium
What is the body’s pump?
The <3. :)
What is the purpose of the vascular system?
Control blood circulation
The circulatory system is also called the_____ or the ______.
Cardiovascular or vascular system.
The circulatory system, aka cardiovascular or vascular system consists of the…
Arteries, veins, capillaries and heart.
Which nerve supplies impulses to toes, foot and muscles and skin of the leg?
Dorsal
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?
Sural
Which nerve extends down the leg, supplies impulses to the muscles and skin of the leg?
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Which nerve extends down to the front of the leg and supplies to the muscles and skin of the tip of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toe?
Deep Peroneal Nerve
Which nerve extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg?
Common Peroneal Nerve.
Which nerve supplies impulses to the knee, muscles of the calf, skin of the leg, the sole and heel and underside of the toes?
Tibial
The principal nerves supplying the superficial parts of the arm and hand are…
Digital, radial, median and ulnar.
Which nerve controls the movement of the neck and shoulder muscles and is affected during a massage given as part of a facial?
11th cranial
Motor
What does the greater occipital nerve affect?
Scalp and top of head.
The basic unit of all living things is the:
Cell
The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is:
The nucleus.
Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called:
Daughter cells.
The_______is the Protoplasm of a cell except for the Protoplasm in the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called:
Metabolism
The constructive phase of metabolism is called:
Anabolism
Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?
Muscle tissue
Which type of tissue lines the heart and the digestive and the respiratory organs?
Epithelial tissue
The connection between two or more bones is called a:
Joint.
The _______ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.
Tibia
The oval bony case that protects the brain is the:
Cranium
The maxillary bones form the:
Upper jaw.
The two bones that form the sides and crown of the cranium are the:
Parietal bones
The inner and larger bone in the forearm attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the:
Ulna
The foot is made up of how many bones?
26.
Which muscles are also known as the smooth muscles?
Striated muscles
The part of the muscle that does not move is the:
Origin
The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the:
Epicranius
Which muscles straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line?
Extensors
The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the:
Adductors
This system of nerves that carry impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called the:
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory nerve endings are located close to the surface of the skin. What are they called?
Receptors
The largest artery in the human body is the…
Aorta
The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the…
ulnar and radial arteries
The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the…
Anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
What is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists?
Procerus
The mental nerve affects the skin of the…
Forehead, scalp, eyebrow and upper eyelid
Which cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face?
The seventh cranial nerve
The greater occipital nerve is located at the…………of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head
Back
The median nerve supplies impulses to the…
Arm and hand.
The deep peroneal nerve is located in the…
Front of the leg.
Valves are structures that temporarily close the passage or permit blood flow in…
Only One direction.
Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the…
Right atrium.
White blood cells are also known as…
Leukocytes
What bodily fluid plays a role in equalizing the body’s temperature?
Blood
Which artery supplies blood to the muscles of the eye?
Infraorbital artery
Which system drains the tissue spaces of extra intrastitial fluid?
The lymphatic system
Which gland of the endocrine system secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates proteins and fats?
The pancreas
Which glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body including flight or fight response?
The adrenal glands.
Digestive……… are chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble form that can be used by the body.
Enzymes.
The organ that controls the body is…
The brain.
The heart is the organ that circulates the body’s….
Blood
The organ that that excretes water and waste is..
The kidneys
Which organ removes waste created by digestion?
The liver.
Which organs digest food?
Intestines and stomach.
Which system controls the study movement of blood through the body?
The circulatory system
Which system change his food into nutrients and waste?
The digestive system.
Which system affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and the health of the entire body?
The endocrine system
Which system purifies the body by the elimination of waste matter?
The excretory system.
Which system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body’s temperature?
The integumentary system.
Which system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing toxins and bacteria?
The lymphatic system.
Which system covers shapes and supports the skeleton tissue?
The muscular system
Which system controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently?
The nervous system.
Which system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring?
The reproductive system
Which system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product?
The respiratory system.
Which system forms the physical foundation of the body?
The skeletal system.
The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is….
Anatomy
Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the…
Body’s structures
The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or?
Microscopic anatomy
Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the…
Nervous system.
The study of the nature, structure and function and diseases of the muscles is…
Myology
Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structure and function of the…
Bones
