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SC Cosmotology State Board Milady > Chapter 6: Anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Anatomy and physiology Flashcards

To pass the test!

1
Q

What are secretory organs that remove and release certain elements from the blood and convert them into compounds?

A

Glands

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2
Q

The endocrine stystem is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect:

A

Growth, development, sexual functions, health of the entire body.

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3
Q

The purpose of a lymph is to…

A

protect cells

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4
Q

The lymphatic/immune system is closely related to the….

A

cardiovascular system

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5
Q

The lymphatic/immune system consists of the…

A

lymph nodes, capillaries and other structures.

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6
Q

The two arteries that are the main blood supply for the arms and hands are…

A

Ulnar and Radial Arteries

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7
Q

The artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth and nose is the…

A

Facial artery

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8
Q

The artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and lower region of the nose is…

A

Superior labial artery

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9
Q

The popliteal artery divides into two separate arteries called…

A

Posterior and Anterior Arteries

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10
Q

The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the

A

brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and internal ear.

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11
Q

The external carotid artery supplies blood to the

A

anterior scalp parts, ear,

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12
Q

The arteries located of either side of the face, head and neck are the

A

Carotid arteries

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13
Q

Red blood cells are produced in the

A

bone marrow

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14
Q

The complex iron protein that binds to oxygen is

A

Hemoglobin

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15
Q

What cells perform the function of destroying disease causing micro-organism?

A

White blood cells

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16
Q

What contributes to the blood clotting process?

A

Platelets

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17
Q

The fluid part of the blood is the

A

Plasma

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18
Q

Thick walled muscular flexible tubes are the:

A

Arteries

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19
Q

The tiny thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins are

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins are called:

A

Venules

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21
Q

Small arteries that deliver blood to vessels that are less elastic are:

A

Veins

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22
Q

Small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries are the

A

Arterioles

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23
Q

Two systems circulate blood constantly from the time it leaves until the time it returns. __________ sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified.

A

Pulmonary

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24
Q

Two systems circulate blood constantly from the time it leaves until the time it returns. _________ carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to heart.

A

Systemic

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25
Q

The structures between the heart chambers that allow the blood to flow in only 1 direction are

A

Valves

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26
Q

The lower, thick walled chambers on the left and the right of the heart are

A

Ventricle

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27
Q

The upper thin walled chambers on the left and right are the

A

Atrium

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28
Q

What is the body’s pump?

A

The <3. :)

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29
Q

What is the purpose of the vascular system?

A

Control blood circulation

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30
Q

The circulatory system is also called the_____ or the ______.

A

Cardiovascular or vascular system.

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31
Q

The circulatory system, aka cardiovascular or vascular system consists of the…

A

Arteries, veins, capillaries and heart.

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32
Q

Which nerve supplies impulses to toes, foot and muscles and skin of the leg?

A

Dorsal

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33
Q

Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?

A

Sural

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34
Q

Which nerve extends down the leg, supplies impulses to the muscles and skin of the leg?

A

Superficial Peroneal Nerve

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35
Q

Which nerve extends down to the front of the leg and supplies to the muscles and skin of the tip of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toe?

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve

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36
Q

Which nerve extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg?

A

Common Peroneal Nerve.

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37
Q

Which nerve supplies impulses to the knee, muscles of the calf, skin of the leg, the sole and heel and underside of the toes?

A

Tibial

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38
Q

The principal nerves supplying the superficial parts of the arm and hand are…

A

Digital, radial, median and ulnar.

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39
Q

Which nerve controls the movement of the neck and shoulder muscles and is affected during a massage given as part of a facial?

A

11th cranial

Motor

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40
Q

What does the greater occipital nerve affect?

A

Scalp and top of head.

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41
Q

The basic unit of all living things is the:

A

Cell

42
Q

The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is:

A

The nucleus.

43
Q

Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called:

A

Daughter cells.

44
Q

The_______is the Protoplasm of a cell except for the Protoplasm in the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

45
Q

The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called:

A

Metabolism

46
Q

The constructive phase of metabolism is called:

A

Anabolism

47
Q

Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?

A

Muscle tissue

48
Q

Which type of tissue lines the heart and the digestive and the respiratory organs?

A

Epithelial tissue

49
Q

The connection between two or more bones is called a:

A

Joint.

50
Q

The _______ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.

A

Tibia

51
Q

The oval bony case that protects the brain is the:

A

Cranium

52
Q

The maxillary bones form the:

A

Upper jaw.

53
Q

The two bones that form the sides and crown of the cranium are the:

A

Parietal bones

54
Q

The inner and larger bone in the forearm attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the:

A

Ulna

55
Q

The foot is made up of how many bones?

A

26.

56
Q

Which muscles are also known as the smooth muscles?

A

Striated muscles

57
Q

The part of the muscle that does not move is the:

A

Origin

58
Q

The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the:

A

Epicranius

59
Q

Which muscles straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line?

A

Extensors

60
Q

The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the:

A

Adductors

61
Q

This system of nerves that carry impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called the:

A

Peripheral nervous system

62
Q

Sensory nerve endings are located close to the surface of the skin. What are they called?

A

Receptors

63
Q

The largest artery in the human body is the…

A

Aorta

64
Q

The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the…

A

ulnar and radial arteries

65
Q

The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the…

A

Anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

66
Q

What is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists?

A

Procerus

67
Q

The mental nerve affects the skin of the…

A

Forehead, scalp, eyebrow and upper eyelid

68
Q

Which cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face?

A

The seventh cranial nerve

69
Q

The greater occipital nerve is located at the…………of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head

A

Back

70
Q

The median nerve supplies impulses to the…

A

Arm and hand.

71
Q

The deep peroneal nerve is located in the…

A

Front of the leg.

72
Q

Valves are structures that temporarily close the passage or permit blood flow in…

A

Only One direction.

73
Q

Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the…

A

Right atrium.

74
Q

White blood cells are also known as…

A

Leukocytes

75
Q

What bodily fluid plays a role in equalizing the body’s temperature?

A

Blood

76
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the muscles of the eye?

A

Infraorbital artery

77
Q

Which system drains the tissue spaces of extra intrastitial fluid?

A

The lymphatic system

78
Q

Which gland of the endocrine system secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates proteins and fats?

A

The pancreas

79
Q

Which glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body including flight or fight response?

A

The adrenal glands.

80
Q

Digestive……… are chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble form that can be used by the body.

A

Enzymes.

81
Q

The organ that controls the body is…

A

The brain.

82
Q

The heart is the organ that circulates the body’s….

A

Blood

83
Q

The organ that that excretes water and waste is..

A

The kidneys

84
Q

Which organ removes waste created by digestion?

A

The liver.

85
Q

Which organs digest food?

A

Intestines and stomach.

86
Q

Which system controls the study movement of blood through the body?

A

The circulatory system

87
Q

Which system change his food into nutrients and waste?

A

The digestive system.

88
Q

Which system affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and the health of the entire body?

A

The endocrine system

89
Q

Which system purifies the body by the elimination of waste matter?

A

The excretory system.

90
Q

Which system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body’s temperature?

A

The integumentary system.

91
Q

Which system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing toxins and bacteria?

A

The lymphatic system.

92
Q

Which system covers shapes and supports the skeleton tissue?

A

The muscular system

93
Q

Which system controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently?

A

The nervous system.

94
Q

Which system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring?

A

The reproductive system

95
Q

Which system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product?

A

The respiratory system.

96
Q

Which system forms the physical foundation of the body?

A

The skeletal system.

97
Q

The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is….

A

Anatomy

98
Q

Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the…

A

Body’s structures

99
Q

The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or?

A

Microscopic anatomy

100
Q

Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the…

A

Nervous system.

101
Q

The study of the nature, structure and function and diseases of the muscles is…

A

Myology

102
Q

Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structure and function of the…

A

Bones

SC Cosmotology State Board Milady (16 decks)

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