Chapter 12 Chemistry Flashcards
Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?
Hydrogen
Which substance cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity?
Molecule
Chemically joining two or more atoms in definite proportion forms a what?
Molecule.
What is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances?
A solution.
What is a substance dissolved into a solution?
A solute.
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered what?
Immiscible
Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as what?
Suspensions.
What is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder?
An emulsion.
What is the substance of that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify?
A surfactant.
The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil loving or is called what?
Lipophilic
A molecule that carries an electric charge is called what?
An ion
What are alpha hydroxy acid’s for? also known as AHAs.
They are used to exfoliate the skin.
What does an exothermic chemical reaction do?
An exothermic chemical reaction releases heat.
A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be what?
Acidic.
Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they do what?
Produce less odor.
True or false:
Minerals are composed of organic chemicals.
False. Minerals are not composed of organic chemicals.
Elemental molecules contain two or more what of the same element in definite proportions.
Atoms
Vapor is a what that has evaporated into a gas like state.
Liquid.
An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases what?
Oxygen.
True or false:
Pure substances are the same as physical mixtures.
True.
Calamine lotion is an example of a what?
Mixture
Water in oil emulsions feel how different than oil in water emulsions?
Greasier than
What is used commonly to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft?
Ammonia
Volatile organic compounds contain what and evaporate very easily?
Carbon.
True or false:
Oil has no pH.
True
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is called what?
Oxidization
The term logarithm means multiples of how many?
10.
The process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance via a chemical reaction is called what?
Reduction.
Any substance that occupies space and has mass is called what?
Matter
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical change in the substances are what?
Chemical properties.
A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is called what?
A pure substance.
A physical combination of matter in any proportion’s is called what?
A physical mixture.
What is the smallest chemical component of an element?
An atom.
Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is known as what?
Combustion.
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are called what?
Physical properties.
