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Microbiology > Chapter 6/ An introduction to viruses, viroids , and prions > Flashcards

Chapter 6/ An introduction to viruses, viroids , and prions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The microbiologist responsible for the identification of TB, cholera, and anthrax was ________

A

Robert Koch

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2
Q

The collection of viruses in the human body is called the

A

virome

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3
Q

______ ______ ______cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host cell and instruct its genetic and metabolic machinery to make and release new viruses

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

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4
Q

Are the considered the smallest infectious agents, and can only be seen using an electron microscope.

A

virus

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5
Q

Spectrum of cells a virus can infect is called

A

host range

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6
Q

What are the general phases in animal virus multiplication cycle?
* there are 6 parts*

A

1)Absorption
2)Penetration
3)unceasing
4)synthesis
5)assembly
6)release

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7
Q

What are the two different ways viruses can enter their host?

A

by fusion or endocytosis

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8
Q

_____ viruses generally are replicated and assembled in the
nucleus

RNA or DNA

A

DNA

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9
Q

______ viruses generally are replicated and assembled in the
cytoplasm

RNA or DNA

A

RNA

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10
Q

Viruses can leave the host cell in which two ways?

A

Budding or (exocytosis) and lysis

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11
Q

cell damage altering microscopic
appearance are referred to as____ _____

A

Cytopathic effects

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12
Q

what are the two structural capsid types?

A

Helical and Icosahedral

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12
Q

A capsid type that is three-dimensional , symmetrical polygon,
with 20 sides and 12 evenly spaced corners

A

Icosahedral

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13
Q

What atypical virus lacks a typical capsid and are covered by a
dense layer of lipoproteins and coarse fibrils

A

poxviruses

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13
Q

Mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors are called

A

oncoviruses

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13
Q

capsid consisting of capsomers forming a
cylindrical nucleocapsid

A

Helical

14
Q

Characteristics (5) for placement in a virus family include:

A

-type of capsid
-nucleic acid strand number
-presence and type of envelope
-overall viral size
-area of the host cell in which the virus multiplies

14
Q

A pre-formed enzyme that synthesizes DNA or RNA

A

Polymerases

14
Q

per- formed enzyme that synthesizes DNA from RNA

A

Reverse transcriptase

14
Q

A pre-formed enzyme that copies RNA

A

Replicases

15
Q

Some ________ have a polyhedral nucleocapsid
along with a helical tail and attachment fibers

A

bacteriophages

15
Q

Release of bacteriophage is a result of cell lysis induced by viral enzymes
and accumulation of viruses. This is known as the ___ cycle

A
  • lytic cycle
16
Q

either DNA or RNA but never both would be considered a

A

Viral genome

17
Q

What are the 6 stages of phage replication?

A

Absorption
Penetration
Replication
Assembly
Maturation
Lysis & release

17
Q

Some phages do not complete the lytic cycle . This is when the viral genome inserts into bacterial genome and becomes
an inactive ___

A

prophage

18
Q

Prophage is retained and copied during normal cell division
resulting in the transfer of temperate phage genome to all
host cell progeny. This is known as

A

lysogeny

18
Q

____ Result in the spread of the virus without killing the host cell

A

lysogen

19
Q

Which of the following is a step found in animal virus
multiplication but not in bacteriophage replication?
A. Adsorption
B. Penetration
C. Uncoating
D. Assembly
E. Release

A

C. Uncoating

20
Q

Cell (tissue) cultures support viral
replication and permit observation of cytopathic effects. This would be considered…

In vitro OR
In vivo

A

In vitro

21
Q

Bird embryos and live animal inoculation are considered

In vitro OR
in vivo

A

in vivo

22
Q

misfolded proteins that contain no nucleic acid

A

Prions

23
Q

Extremely resistant to usual sterilization techniques
and Cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies – fatal
neurodegenerative diseases

A

Prions

24
Q

Viruses that are dependent on other viruses for replication

A

Satellite viruses

25
Q

short pieces of RNA with no protein coat.
-only been
identified in plants

A

Viroids

26
Q

Exposure to Nucleases that degrade DNA and RNA would
damage all of the following EXCEPT
A. Animal Viruses
B. Bacteriophage
C. Prions
D. Satellite Viruses
E. Viroids

A

C. Prions

Microbiology (11 decks)

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