Chapter 13

Question 1

an infection that causes damage or
disruption to tissues and organs

Answer 1

Infectious disease

Question 1

a condition in which pathogenic microbes
penetrate host defenses, enter tissues, and multiply

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

cling to the skin surface but do not grow there;
influenced by hygiene

Answer 2

Transients

Question 3

In many cases, microbiota benefits host by preventing
overgrowth of harmful microbes referred to as

Answer 3

microbial antagonism

Question 4

These are found on the skin and are stable, predictable, less influenced by
hygiene, primarily bacteria and yeasts

Answer 4

Residents

Question 5

Most common microbiota residents found in the mouth are

Answer 5

aerobic Streptococcus species-
* S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, S. mitis

Question 5

capable of causing disease in healthy
persons with normal immune defenses

Answer 5

True pathogens

Question 6

introducing known microbes back into the body

Answer 6

Probiotics

Question 7

Normal resident microbes are absent from the:
A. Pharynx
B. Lungs
C. Intestine
D. Hair follicles
E. Mouth

Answer 7

B. Lungs

Question 8

cause disease when the host’s
defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the
body that is not natural to them

Answer 8

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 8

Minimum number of microbes
required for infection to proceed is called the

Answer 8

Infectious Dose (ID)

Question 8

characteristic or structure that
contributes to the ability of a microbe to cause disease

Answer 8

Virulence factor

Question 9

Bacteria produce extracellular enzymes that dissolve barriers and
penetrate through or between cells to invade underlying tissues.

Answer 9

Exoenzymes

Question 9

TORCH is an acronym of pathogens that infect during pregnancy. What does each letter stand for ?

Answer 9

Toxoplasmosis,
Other diseases (syphilis, varicella-
zoster virus, parvovirus B19, HIV),
Rubella,
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus

Question 10

when the toxin is spread by the blood from the site of
infection (tetanus, diphtheria)

Answer 10

Toxemias

Question 10

secreted by bacteria damage
target cells, which die and begin to slough off.

Answer 10

Toxins

Question 11

specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and
some animals that has poisonous effects on other
organisms.

Answer 11

Toxin

Question 12

not secreted, but released after the host cell
is damaged

Answer 12

Endotoxin

Question 13

Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete exotoxins.
A. True
B. False

Answer 13

B. False

Question 13

secreted by a living bacterial cell into the
infected tissue

Answer 13

Exotoxin

Question 14

time from initial contact with the
infectious agent to the appearance of first symptoms;
agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause
symptoms; several hours to several years

Answer 14

Incubation period

Question 15

vague feelings of discomfort;
nonspecific complaints

Answer 15

Prodromal stage

Question 16

multiplies at high levels, becomes
well-established; more specific signs and symptoms

Answer 16

Period of invasion

Question 17

microorganisms are multiplying in the blood
and present in large numbers

Answer 17

Septicemia

Question 17

as person begins to respond to
the infection, symptoms decline

Answer 17

Convalescent period

Question 18

when infectious agent breaks loose from a
local infection and is carried to other tissues

Answer 18

Focal infection

Question 18

long-term or permanent damage to tissues or
organs

Answer 18

Sequelae –

Question 18

recuperating without symptoms are know as ___ carriers

Answer 18

Convalescent carriers –