Chapter 13 Flashcards
an infection that causes damage or
disruption to tissues and organs
Infectious disease
a condition in which pathogenic microbes
penetrate host defenses, enter tissues, and multiply
Infection
cling to the skin surface but do not grow there;
influenced by hygiene
Transients
In many cases, microbiota benefits host by preventing
overgrowth of harmful microbes referred to as
microbial antagonism
These are found on the skin and are stable, predictable, less influenced by
hygiene, primarily bacteria and yeasts
Residents
Most common microbiota residents found in the mouth are
aerobic Streptococcus species-
* S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, S. mitis
capable of causing disease in healthy
persons with normal immune defenses
True pathogens
introducing known microbes back into the body
Probiotics
Normal resident microbes are absent from the:
A. Pharynx
B. Lungs
C. Intestine
D. Hair follicles
E. Mouth
B. Lungs
cause disease when the host’s
defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the
body that is not natural to them
Opportunistic pathogens
Minimum number of microbes
required for infection to proceed is called the
Infectious Dose (ID)
characteristic or structure that
contributes to the ability of a microbe to cause disease
Virulence factor
Bacteria produce extracellular enzymes that dissolve barriers and
penetrate through or between cells to invade underlying tissues.
Exoenzymes
TORCH is an acronym of pathogens that infect during pregnancy. What does each letter stand for ?
Toxoplasmosis,
Other diseases (syphilis, varicella-
zoster virus, parvovirus B19, HIV),
Rubella,
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
when the toxin is spread by the blood from the site of
infection (tetanus, diphtheria)
Toxemias
secreted by bacteria damage
target cells, which die and begin to slough off.
Toxins
specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and
some animals that has poisonous effects on other
organisms.
Toxin
not secreted, but released after the host cell
is damaged
Endotoxin
Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete exotoxins.
A. True
B. False
B. False
secreted by a living bacterial cell into the
infected tissue
Exotoxin
time from initial contact with the
infectious agent to the appearance of first symptoms;
agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause
symptoms; several hours to several years
Incubation period
vague feelings of discomfort;
nonspecific complaints
Prodromal stage
multiplies at high levels, becomes
well-established; more specific signs and symptoms
Period of invasion
microorganisms are multiplying in the blood
and present in large numbers
Septicemia
as person begins to respond to
the infection, symptoms decline
Convalescent period
when infectious agent breaks loose from a
local infection and is carried to other tissues
Focal infection
long-term or permanent damage to tissues or
organs
Sequelae –
recuperating without symptoms are know as ___ carriers
Convalescent carriers –
