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Microbiology > Chapter 26 Environmental Microbiology > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Environmental Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of practical uses of microbes
in food processing, industrial production, and biotechnology

A

Applied microbiology

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2
Q

presumptive,
confirmatory and completed tests

A

Most probable number (MPN)

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3
Q

Root nodules contain___, which can _____
A. Azotobacter, fix N2
B. Nitrosomonas, nitrify NH-3
C. Rhizobia, fix N2
D. acillus, denitrify-NO-3

A

C. Rhizobia, fix N2

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4
Q

What are the 2 horizontal zones of freshwater zones?

A

Littoral zone
Limnetic zone

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5
Q

rich moist layer
of soil containing plant
and animal debris being
decomposed by microbes

A

Humus

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6
Q

feed on a variety of food sources

A

Scavengers

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7
Q

microbial conversion of-
NO-3 back to
atmospheric N2

A

Denitrification

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8
Q

Water is the dominant compound on the earth; it occupies ___
of the earth’s surface

A

¾

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9
Q

What are the 3 vertical zones of freshwater zones?

A

Photic zone
profundal zone
benthic zone

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10
Q

buffer zone between warmest and coolest
layers; ordinarily prevents the mixing of the two within lakes

A

Thermocline

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11
Q

Marine environment Contains a zone, called an _____, where river meets the
sea; fluctuates in salinity, is very high in nutrients

A

estuary

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12
Q

addition of
excess of nutrients; naturally or
by effluents from sewage,
agriculture, or industry

A

Eutrophication

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13
Q

reduce CO2 and give off methane (CH4)

A

Methanogens

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14
Q

Ecological studies deal with which 2 factors

A

Biotic and Abiotic

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15
Q

feed on other living
organisms and obtain energy from bonds
present in the organic substrates they
contain

A

Consumers

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16
Q

Which zone is organic debris
and mud forming the basin

A

Benthic zone

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17
Q

Which of the following does not vary predictably with the depth of the aquatic environment?
1. dissolved oxygen
2. temperature
3. penetration by sunlight
4. salinity

A
  1. salinity
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18
Q

the biosphere contains a diversity of habitats
and niches favorable to life because living things made it that
way

A

Gaia theory

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19
Q

consumer that actively seeks out and ingests live
prey

A

Predator

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20
Q

one member gives off antagonistic substances
that inhibit or kill susceptible species sharing its habitat

A

Competition

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21
Q

The quantity of available nutrients ____ from the lower levels of the energy pyramid to the higher ones
1. increases
2. decreases
3. remains stable
4. cycles

A
  1. decreases
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22
Q

Which zone is the surface to lowest limit of sunlight
penetration

A

Photic zone

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23
Q

Convert NH+4 to NO-2 and NO-3

A

Nitrification

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24
Q

variety of photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria

A

Phytoplankton

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25
Q

nonliving components are called

A

Abiotic factors

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26
Q

____ is a multilevel food chain, which represents the actual nutritional structure of a
community and helps identify feeding patterns

A

food web

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27
Q

The floating assemblage of microbes and animals that drifts on or near the surface of large bodies of water is the _______ community

  1. abyssal
  2. benthic
  3. littoral
  4. plankton
A
  1. plankton
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28
Q

a group of organisms of the same kind

A

Population

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29
Q

break down and absorb
the organic matter of dead organisms
(primarily microbes)

A

Decomposers

30
Q

when a pollutant is accumulated by living
things through the natural trophic flow of the ecosystem

A

Bioaccumulation

31
Q

Which zone is in shoreline, and
relatively shallow water

A

Littoral zone

32
Q

one member benefits while the other
does not benefit nor is it harmed

A

Commensalism

33
Q

Which zone is the edge of the
photic zone to lake sediment

A

Profundal zone

34
Q

particular climatic regions Defined by large assemblages of organisms adapted to a distinct geography and climate characterized by dominant life forms, usually plants

A

Biomes

35
Q

two usually independent organisms
cooperate to break down a nutrient neither one could have
metabolized alone

A

Synergism

36
Q

Currents, brought on by temperature change, cause
upwelling of nutrient-rich benthic sediments and outbreaks of
abundant microbial growth referred to as

A

red tides

37
Q

atmospheric N2 gas is converted to NH+4 salts

A

Nitrogen fixation –

38
Q

zone of soil around plant roots
contains associated bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

A

*Rhizosphere

39
Q

provide energy source that drives the trophic pyramid (Autotrophs,
photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs)

A

Producers

40
Q

nutrient-deficient
ecosystem

A

Oligotrophic

41
Q

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free or in______
relationships with plants

A

symbiotic

42
Q

Which elements have/has an inorganic reservior that exists primarily in sedimentary deposits?

  1. Nitrogen
  2. phosphorus
  3. sulfur
  4. both b and c
A
  1. both b and c
43
Q

Surface water collects in subterranean pockets forming
groundwater source. What is the name for this?

A

aquifer

44
Q

microbes in their natural habitats is called____

A

Microbial ecology

45
Q

Which zone is open, deeper water

A

Limnetic zone

46
Q

What are the 4 types of reaction within the nitrogen cycle?

A

Nitrogen fixation
Ammonification
Nitrification
Denitrification

47
Q

symbiotic. relationship formed between fungi and certain
plant roots

A

Mycorrhizae –

48
Q

microscopic consumers; filter feed, prey, or
scavenge

A

Zooplankton

49
Q

What are the names of layers within thermal stratification in lakes

A

Epilimnion
Hypolimnion
Thermocline

50
Q

bacteria decompose nitrogen-containing
organic compounds to ammonia

A

Ammonification

51
Q

symbiosis between Rhizobia and legumes
accomplish nitrogen fixation (natural fertilizer factories)

A

Root nodules

52
Q

one derives its nutrients and habitat from a host
that is usually harmed in the process

A

Parasitism

53
Q

association of organisms that live together and exhibit well-defined nutritional or behavioral interrelationships

A

Communities

54
Q

Which of the following is/are considered a greenhouse gas?
1. CO2
2. CH4
3. N2O
4. all of these

A
  1. all of these
55
Q

any living or dead organisms that occupy an organism’s habitat are known as

A

Biotic factors

56
Q

Which zone extends to a depth of 10,000 m and supports
communities with extreme adaptations including:
Halophilic, psychrophilic, barophilic, and anaerobic

A

Abyssal zone

57
Q

collective interactions between organisms and the surrounding physical and chemical factors in a given location

A

Ecosystem

58
Q

Sendimentary cycles consist of what 2 element cycles?

A

Sulfur cycle
Phosphorous cycle

59
Q

Water is continuously cycled between hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and lithosphere. This cycle is called_____

A

hydrologic cycle

60
Q

overall role that a species, or population, serves in a
community; nutritional intake, position in the community, and
rate of population growth

A

Niche

61
Q

the physical location in the environment to which
an organism has adapted

A

Habitat

62
Q

water resurfaces through ___,___, and ____

A

springs, geysers, and hot vents

63
Q

Which of the following is NOT a major subdivision of biosphere?
1. hydrosphere
2. lithosphere
3. stratosphere
4. atmosphere

A
  1. stratosphere
64
Q

associations beneficial to both members

A

Mutualism

65
Q

An oligotrophic ecosystem would be most likely to exist in a
1. ocean
2. high mountain lake
3. tropical pond
4. polluted river

A
  1. high mountain lake
66
Q

metabolic byproducts of one are useful
nutrients for another

A

Syntrophism

67
Q

Which of the following bacteria would be the most accurate indicator of fecal contamination?
1. Enterobacter aerogenes
2. Thiobacillus acidophilus
3. Escherichia coli
4. Staphylococcus aureus

A
  1. Escherichia coli
68
Q

A ____ is defined as a collection of populations sharing a given habitat.
1. biosphere
2. community
3. biome
4. ecosystem

A
  1. community
69
Q

originates from rocks, oceans, and lakes

A

Sulfur

70
Q

Biosphere which is all physical locations on Earth that support life Can be divided as into what three categories?

A

Hydrosphere (water)
Lithosphere(soil)
Atmosphere (air)

71
Q

after filtration, filter is placed
on selective and differential media, incubated, colonies are
presumptively identified and counted. What method is this?

A

Membrane filter method

72
Q

feeding levels and trace of flow and quantity of
available energy from one level to another

A

Food chain or energy pyramid

Microbiology (11 decks)

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