Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Chapter 26 Environmental Microbiology > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Environmental Microbiology Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

study of practical uses of microbes
in food processing, industrial production, and biotechnology

A

Applied microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

presumptive,
confirmatory and completed tests

A

Most probable number (MPN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Root nodules contain___, which can _____
A. Azotobacter, fix N2
B. Nitrosomonas, nitrify NH-3
C. Rhizobia, fix N2
D. acillus, denitrify-NO-3

A

C. Rhizobia, fix N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 horizontal zones of freshwater zones?

A

Littoral zone
Limnetic zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rich moist layer
of soil containing plant
and animal debris being
decomposed by microbes

A

Humus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

feed on a variety of food sources

A

Scavengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

microbial conversion of-
NO-3 back to
atmospheric N2

A

Denitrification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water is the dominant compound on the earth; it occupies ___
of the earth’s surface

A

¾

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 vertical zones of freshwater zones?

A

Photic zone
profundal zone
benthic zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

buffer zone between warmest and coolest
layers; ordinarily prevents the mixing of the two within lakes

A

Thermocline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Marine environment Contains a zone, called an _____, where river meets the
sea; fluctuates in salinity, is very high in nutrients

A

estuary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

addition of
excess of nutrients; naturally or
by effluents from sewage,
agriculture, or industry

A

Eutrophication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reduce CO2 and give off methane (CH4)

A

Methanogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ecological studies deal with which 2 factors

A

Biotic and Abiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

feed on other living
organisms and obtain energy from bonds
present in the organic substrates they
contain

A

Consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which zone is organic debris
and mud forming the basin

A

Benthic zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following does not vary predictably with the depth of the aquatic environment?
1. dissolved oxygen
2. temperature
3. penetration by sunlight
4. salinity

A
  1. salinity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the biosphere contains a diversity of habitats
and niches favorable to life because living things made it that
way

A

Gaia theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

consumer that actively seeks out and ingests live
prey

A

Predator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

one member gives off antagonistic substances
that inhibit or kill susceptible species sharing its habitat

A

Competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The quantity of available nutrients ____ from the lower levels of the energy pyramid to the higher ones
1. increases
2. decreases
3. remains stable
4. cycles

A
  1. decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which zone is the surface to lowest limit of sunlight
penetration

A

Photic zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Convert NH+4 to NO-2 and NO-3

A

Nitrification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

variety of photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria

A

Phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
nonliving components are called
Abiotic factors
26
____ is a multilevel food chain, which represents the actual nutritional structure of a community and helps identify feeding patterns
food web
27
The floating assemblage of microbes and animals that drifts on or near the surface of large bodies of water is the _______ community 1. abyssal 2. benthic 3. littoral 4. plankton
4. plankton
28
a group of organisms of the same kind
Population
29
break down and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms (primarily microbes)
Decomposers
30
when a pollutant is accumulated by living things through the natural trophic flow of the ecosystem
Bioaccumulation
31
Which zone is in shoreline, and relatively shallow water
Littoral zone
32
one member benefits while the other does not benefit nor is it harmed
Commensalism
33
Which zone is the edge of the photic zone to lake sediment
Profundal zone
34
particular climatic regions Defined by large assemblages of organisms adapted to a distinct geography and climate characterized by dominant life forms, usually plants
Biomes
35
two usually independent organisms cooperate to break down a nutrient neither one could have metabolized alone
Synergism
36
Currents, brought on by temperature change, cause upwelling of nutrient-rich benthic sediments and outbreaks of abundant microbial growth referred to as
red tides
37
atmospheric N2 gas is converted to NH+4 salts
Nitrogen fixation –
38
zone of soil around plant roots contains associated bacteria, fungi, and protozoa
*Rhizosphere
39
provide energy source that drives the trophic pyramid (Autotrophs, photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs)
Producers
40
nutrient-deficient ecosystem
Oligotrophic
41
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free or in______ relationships with plants
symbiotic
42
Which elements have/has an inorganic reservior that exists primarily in sedimentary deposits? 1. Nitrogen 2. phosphorus 3. sulfur 4. both b and c
4. both b and c
43
Surface water collects in subterranean pockets forming groundwater source. What is the name for this?
aquifer
44
microbes in their natural habitats is called____
Microbial ecology
45
Which zone is open, deeper water
Limnetic zone
46
What are the 4 types of reaction within the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrogen fixation Ammonification Nitrification Denitrification
47
symbiotic. relationship formed between fungi and certain plant roots
Mycorrhizae –
48
microscopic consumers; filter feed, prey, or scavenge
Zooplankton
49
What are the names of layers within thermal stratification in lakes
Epilimnion Hypolimnion Thermocline
50
bacteria decompose nitrogen-containing organic compounds to ammonia
Ammonification
51
symbiosis between Rhizobia and legumes accomplish nitrogen fixation (natural fertilizer factories)
Root nodules
52
one derives its nutrients and habitat from a host that is usually harmed in the process
Parasitism
53
association of organisms that live together and exhibit well-defined nutritional or behavioral interrelationships
Communities
54
Which of the following is/are considered a greenhouse gas? 1. CO2 2. CH4 3. N2O 4. all of these
4. all of these
55
any living or dead organisms that occupy an organism’s habitat are known as
Biotic factors
56
Which zone extends to a depth of 10,000 m and supports communities with extreme adaptations including: Halophilic, psychrophilic, barophilic, and anaerobic
Abyssal zone
57
collective interactions between organisms and the surrounding physical and chemical factors in a given location
Ecosystem
58
Sendimentary cycles consist of what 2 element cycles?
Sulfur cycle Phosphorous cycle
59
Water is continuously cycled between hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. This cycle is called_____
hydrologic cycle
60
overall role that a species, or population, serves in a community; nutritional intake, position in the community, and rate of population growth
Niche
61
the physical location in the environment to which an organism has adapted
Habitat
62
water resurfaces through ___,___, and ____
springs, geysers, and hot vents
63
Which of the following is NOT a major subdivision of biosphere? 1. hydrosphere 2. lithosphere 3. stratosphere 4. atmosphere
3. stratosphere
64
associations beneficial to both members
Mutualism
65
An oligotrophic ecosystem would be most likely to exist in a 1. ocean 2. high mountain lake 3. tropical pond 4. polluted river
2. high mountain lake
66
metabolic byproducts of one are useful nutrients for another
Syntrophism
67
Which of the following bacteria would be the most accurate indicator of fecal contamination? 1. Enterobacter aerogenes 2. Thiobacillus acidophilus 3. Escherichia coli 4. Staphylococcus aureus
3. Escherichia coli
68
A ____ is defined as a collection of populations sharing a given habitat. 1. biosphere 2. community 3. biome 4. ecosystem
2. community
69
originates from rocks, oceans, and lakes
Sulfur
70
Biosphere which is all physical locations on Earth that support life Can be divided as into what three categories?
Hydrosphere (water) Lithosphere(soil) Atmosphere (air)
71
after filtration, filter is placed on selective and differential media, incubated, colonies are presumptively identified and counted. What method is this?
Membrane filter method
72
feeding levels and trace of flow and quantity of available energy from one level to another
Food chain or energy pyramid

Microbiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions