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Microbiology > Chapter 17/procedures for identifying pathogens and diagnosing infections > Flashcards

Chapter 17/procedures for identifying pathogens and diagnosing infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

antigens or antibodies
labeled with radioactive isotopes

A

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

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2
Q

Monoclonal antibody labeled by a
fluorescent dye is called a

A

Fluorescent antibody

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3
Q

Used to study phylogeny and taxonomy of samples from complex microbiomes or environments difficult to study

A

Ribosomal RNA sequencing

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4
Q

Used to detect HIV, Lyme disease, human papillomavirus,
tuberculosis, hepatitis

A

PCR

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5
Q

Which of the following methods is most sensitive for identifying different strains of a microbe?
* Microscopic examination
* hemolyisis on blood agar
* DNA analysis
* agglutination test

A
  • DNA analysis
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6
Q

comparing
a positive (left) versus
negative (right) reaction.
An______ ______ detects
the presence of a specific
antibody.

A

Indirect ELISA

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7
Q

Direct immunofluorescent tests use a labeled antibody to identify
* An unknown microbe
* An unknown antibody
* Fixed complement
* Agglutinated antigens

A
  • An unknown microbe
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8
Q

-Assess genetic make-up
-Culture is not necessary
-Precise, automated methods, quick results.
These are all apart of what technique?

A

Genotypic (or genetic) technique

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9
Q

In aggultination reactions, the antigen is a ______; in precipitation reactions, it is a________

  • soluble molecule, whole cell
  • whole cell, soluble molecule
  • bacterium, virus
  • protein, carbohydrate
A
  • whole cell, soluble molecule
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10
Q

Antibody cross links whole-cell
antigens, forming complexes that settle out and form visible insoluble clumps

A

Agglutination Tests

Blood typing, some bacterial and viral diseases

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11
Q

Important to determine
treatment drugs. Also used to identify species
Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium

A

Antimicrobial sensitivity

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12
Q

What are the 5 techniques used to diagnose a viral infection?

A

-Observation of symptoms
* Direct microscopic examination
* Cultivation
* Serological analysis
* Genetic analysis

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13
Q

A patient with a ________ titer of antibodies to an infectious agent generally has greater protection than a patient with a ________titer
* high, low
* low, high
* negative, positive
* old, new

A
  • high, low
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14
Q

A DNA-based technique often bought in to analyze outbreaks or epidemics is

A

Pulsed -field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)

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15
Q

A test serum is incubated with the microbe that produces the toxin. If the serum inhibits the growth of the microbe, one can conclude that the antitoxins to inactivate the toxin are present. This is called

A

Toxin neutralization

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16
Q

Identifying colony appearance by
texture, size, shape, pigment, growth requirements is called______

A

Macroscopic morphology

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17
Q

Identifying bacteria on the level of genus and species fall within 3 categories. What are they?

A

Phenotypic, immunologic, and genotypic

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of ELISA methods

A

Indirect ELISA and
antibody sandwich ELISA method

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19
Q

The Western blot test can be used to identify
* unknown antibodies
* unknown antigens
* specific DNA
* both a and b

A
  • both a and b
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20
Q

In agglutination reactions, the antigen is a __; in precipitation reactions, it is a ___.
A. Soluble molecule, whole cell
B. Whole Cell, soluble molecule
C. Bacterium, virus
D. Protein, carbohydrate

A

B. Whole Cell, soluble molecule

21
Q

Which of the following specimens must be removed using sterile techniques.
* feces
* urine
* upper respiratory tract
* blood

A
  • blood
22
Q

A type of vivo test which uses a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) injected into the skin

A

Tuberculin test

23
Q

An unknown test specimen or antigen is
fixed to a slide and exposed to a fluorescent antibody solution of known composition. What kind of testing is this?

A

Direct testing

24
Q

Lysin-mediated hemolysis is the basis of a type of test called

A

Complement fixation or CF

25
Q

automated identification
- uses microorganisms unique combination proteins and nucleic acids

A

MALDI-TOF
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight

26
Q

One of the most powerful techniques for microbial identification is

A

Whole -genome sequencing (WGS)

27
Q

What method invloves identifying fresh or stained microorganisms from a specimen by shape, size, stain reaction, cell structures?

A

Microscopic morphology

28
Q

Concentration of antibodies in a serum is called a

A

titer

29
Q

Used to diagnose syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydiosis, whooping cough, Legionnaires’ disease, plague, trichomoniasis, meningitis, and listeriosis.
-Identifies antigens on the surfaces of cells or in tissues

A

Direct testing

30
Q

An example of an in vivo serological test is
* indirect immunofluorescence
* radioimmunoassay
* a tuberculin test
* complement fixation

A
  • a tuberculin test
31
Q

detection of presence or absence of particular enzymes
or metabolic pathways is a way of identifying a microbe by ….

A

Physiological/biochemical

32
Q

The Western blot test can be used to identify
A. Unknown antibodies
B. Unknown antigens
C. Specific DNA
D. Both A and B

A

D. Both A and B

33
Q

When a test can detect even very small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are the the targets of the test.

A

Sensitivity

34
Q

Comparing of a
positive (left) versus
negative (right) reaction.
This type of ELISA
detects the presence of a
specific antigen.

A

Indirect ELISA and antibody (Capture) sandwich ELISA method.

35
Q

enzyme-antibody complex produces a colored product when an enzyme-substrate reaction occurs. This is called a ____ _____ ______ assay.

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) –

36
Q

A branch of immunology that traditionally deals with in vitro diagnostic testing of serum

A

Serology

37
Q

Property of a test to focus upon only a certain antibody or antigen and not to react with unrelated or distantly related ones.

A

Specificity

38
Q

Which reaction requires complement?
* hemagglutination
* precipitation
* hemolysis
* toxin neutralization

A
  • hemolysis
39
Q

What are the two categories of results when collecting specimen?

A

Presumptive data and confirmatory data

40
Q

Physiological reactions to nutrients
and other substrates as indirect evidence of the absence or presence of enzyme is called

A

Biochemical testing

41
Q

Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) test is used to diagnose _____

A

syphilis

42
Q

Stains most often employed for bacteria are the ___ ____ and the ____ - ____ ____.

A

Gram stain and acid- fast stain

43
Q

antibody that requires the actions of complement to
complete the lysis of its antigenic target cell

A

Lysin or cytolysis

44
Q

fluorescent antibodies are made to
react with the Fc region of another antibody.
this type of testing in frequently used to diagnose syphilis and various viral infections. What type of testing is this?

A

Indirect testing

45
Q

analysis of blood (serology) and other fluids; antibody-antigen reactions.

A

Immunologic

46
Q

Enrichment, selective or differential
media is called

A

Isolation Media

47
Q

soluble antigen is made
insoluble by an antibody

A

Precipitation tests

48
Q

What are the phenotypic methods?

A

Microscopic morphology, Macroscopic morphology, and physiological/biochemical characteristics

Microbiology (11 decks)

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