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Microbiology > Chapter 25/ The RNA Viruses that infect humans > Flashcards

Chapter 25/ The RNA Viruses that infect humans Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are complications of measles?
1. SSPE
2. Pneumonia
3. congenital defects
4. both 1 and 2

A
  1. both 1 and 2
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2
Q

The most virulent coronavirus is
1. HCoV-NL63
2. SARS- CoV
3. MERS-CoV
4. SARS-CoV-2

A
  1. MERS-CoV
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3
Q

What are the three Paramyxoviruses?

A

*Paramyxovirus
* Morbillivirus
* Pneumovirus

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4
Q

What type of virus is closely associated with rodent host with transmission occurring through aerosols and contact

A

Arenaviruses

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5
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is also called

A

Pneumovirus

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6
Q

What Influenza strain only undergoes antigenic drift, not antigenic shift?

A)Influenza A
B)Influenza B
C)Influenza C
D) all the above

A

B) Influenza B

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7
Q

What kind of virus is HIV?

A

Retrovirus

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8
Q

Constant genetic change of the glycoproteins through mutation is called_____. The antigens gradually change their amino acid composition, resulting in decreased ability of host memory cells to recognize them.

A) Antigenic shift
B) Antigenic drift
C) All the above are correct

A

B) antigenic drift

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9
Q

Creutzfeldt- jakob disease (CJD), Kuru, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal familial insomnia are all associated with….

A

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)

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10
Q

What disease has Enveloped, bullet-shaped virions and is a
Slow, progressive zoonotic disease

A

Rabies

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11
Q

For which disease is an exanthem (skin rash) not a symptom?
1. measles
2. rubella
3. coxsackievirus infection
4. parainfluenza

A
  1. parainfluenza
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12
Q

Most cases of COVID - 19
1. resolve without treatment
2. require hospitalization
3. require intensive care and respiratory support
4. end in the death of the patient

A
  1. resolve without treatment
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13
Q

The infection mumps is caused by ____

A

Paramyxovirus

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14
Q

Which one of the arenaviruses can cross the placenta and infect the fetus?
A)Lassa fever
B)Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
C)Argentine hemorrhagic fever
D)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

A

D)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

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15
Q

What are the two factors of Pathology regarding HIV?

A
  1. The level of viruses
  2. The level of T cell in the blood
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16
Q

Infections with _______ virus cause the development of multinucleate giant cells
1. rabies
2. influenza
3. pneumo
4. corona

A
  1. pneumo
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17
Q

What acute disease has Less than 100 cases a year in U.S., but is also a frequent cause of death
worldwide

A

Measles

  • Caused by Morbillivirus
  • also known as red measles and rubeola
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18
Q

Measles is also known as red measles and rubeola.
True or False

A

True

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19
Q

What virus is sensitive to acidic environments and acquired from contaminated hands and fomites?

Many strains circulate the population at once

A

Human Rhinovirus

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20
Q

Measles present with unusual oral lesions called____

A

Koplik’s spots

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21
Q

which of the following is not a characteristic of the agents of spongiform encephalopathies?
1. highly resistant
2. associated with tangled proteins fibers in the brain
3. are naked fragments of RNA
4. cause chronic transmissible disease

A
  1. are naked fragments of RNA
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22
Q

Which receptors of the influenza virus are responsible for binding to the host cell?
A) hemagglutinin
B)Neuraminidase
C)Type A
D)Capsid proteins

A

A) hemagglutinin

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23
Q

a progressive neurological
degeneration of the cerebral cortex, white matter, and brain
stem

A

subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis (SSPE)

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24
Q

MERS- Cov stands for _________

A

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

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25
Q

What disease (s) are caused by Bunyaviruses?
A) California encephalitis
B) Rift Valley fever
C) Korean hemorrhagic fever
D) All the above

A

D) All the above

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26
Q

What are the four major arenaviruses?

A

Lassa fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

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27
Q

Measles virus has an incubation period of ____
A) 30 days
B) 3 weeks
C) 2 weeks
D) 2 to 5 days

A

C) 2 weeks

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28
Q

A systemic inflammatory response by release of
massive amounts of cytokines which can lead to acute organ
failure is called_______ _______ syndrome

A

Cytokine release syndrome

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29
Q

Which type of influenza virus causes most infections?
A) Type A and B
B) Type C and B
C) Only Type A
D) Only Type C

A

C) Only type A

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30
Q

The primary site of attack in influenza is/are the _____
A) small intestine
B)respiratory epithelium
C)skin
D)meninges

A

B)respiratory epithelium

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31
Q

What are the 7 parts of the mutliplication cycle in HIV?

A

Binding,Fusion, Reverse transcription, Integration, Replication, Assembly, and budding

  • BFRIRAB
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32
Q

acute
enteroviral infection of the spinal
cord that can cause
neuromuscular paralysis

A

Poliomyelitis

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33
Q

Severe pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii
* A rare vascular cancer called Kaposi sarcoma
* Sudden weight loss, swollen lymph nodes
* General loss of immune function
These are all signs of what virus?

A

Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)

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34
Q

What virus results in most of the illnesses causing mild fevers, but some illnesses causing severe encephalitis, and life-threatening hemorrhagic fever

A

Arboviruses

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35
Q

Lassa fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian
hemorrhagic fever, and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis are associated with what virus?

A

Arenaviruses

36
Q

What are the four phases of rabies?

A

Prodromal phase
Furious phase
Paralytic phase
Progress to coma phase
(PFPP)

37
Q

Which of the following conditions is not associated with HIV infection?
1. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
2. Kaposi’s sarcoma
3. dementia
4. adult T-cell leukemia

A
  1. adult T-cell leukemia
38
Q

In 20% to 30% of young adult males, mumps infection localizes in the _____ and _____

A) Epididymis and penis
B)Penis and anal glands
C) Epididymis and testis
D)Seminal vesicle and testis

A

C) Epididymis and testis

39
Q

For which disease are active and passive immunization given simultaneously?
1. influenza
2. yellow fever
3. measles
4. rabies

A
  1. rabies
40
Q

RNA viruses can be single or double stranded.

True or False

A

True

41
Q

Polio and hepatitis A viruses are ______ viruses.
1. arbo
2. enteric
3. cold
4. syncytial

A
  1. enteric
42
Q

Which of these happen(s) in the case of antigenic shift is influenza A?

A) single mutations in hemagglutinin
B) recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains.

C)change from influenza A to influenza B
D)Both A and B

A

B) recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains.

43
Q

Which of these happens in the case of antigenic shift in influenza A?
1. single mutations in hemagglutinin
2. recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains
3. change from influenza A to influenza B
4. both a and b

A
  1. recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains
44
Q

A common, highly diagnostic sign of measles is
1. viremia
2. red rash
3. sore throat
4. koplik’s spots

A
  1. koplik’s spots
45
Q

Which diagnostic test for the presence of SARS - CoV-2 is generally far more sensitive when used on symptomaic persons?
1. RT-PCR
2. loop-mediated isothermal amplification
3. antigen tests
4. serological testing

A
  1. antigen tests
46
Q

What property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into the host genome?
1. the RNA they carry
2. presence of glycoprotein receptors
3. presence of reverse transciptase
4. a positive-sense genome

A
  1. presence of reverse transciptase
47
Q

Mumps presents with painful swelling at the angle of the jaw which is called_____

A

epidemic parotitis

48
Q

The viral spikes for the flu are known as _____ and ______

A

Neuraminidase and
Hemagglutinin

49
Q

German measles cause Kopliks spots and a skin rash

True or False

A

False

  • absent kopliks spots but skin rash is present
50
Q

What virus is treated with Palivizumad (Synagis), a monoclonal antibody that blocks
attachment to cells and / or
Ribavirin, inhaled antiviral drug

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

51
Q

Hepatitis C is caused by what virus?

A

Flavivirus

52
Q

enzyme which makes a
double stranded DNA from the single-stranded RNA genome is called

A

Reverse transcriptase(RT)

53
Q

Responsible for respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and
hand-foot-mouth disease

A

Nonpolio Enteroviruses

54
Q

What are the most common Nonpolio Enteroviruses?

A
  • Coxsackieviruses A and B
  • Echoviruses
55
Q

What are the 3 Enveloped Segmented ssRNA Viruses?

A

Orthomyxoviruses
Bunyaviruses
Arenaviruses

56
Q

How are paramyxoviruses transmitted?
A) Feces
B) contaminated surfaces
C) Blood and urine
D) Respiratory droplets

A

D) Respiratory droplets

57
Q

__________ is an emerging disease, with symptoms of high fever, lung, edema, and pulmonary failure, with a 33% mortality rate.

A) Rhabdoviruses
B) SARS
C) Rubivirus (Rubella)
D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

A

D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

58
Q

Seen mostly in children and presents as Minor cold, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, croup

A

Parainfluenza

59
Q

Human Rhinovirus is associate with the _____ ______

A

Common cold

Over 160 serotypes associated with the common cold

60
Q

____ manifests as labored and noisy breathing accompanied by a hoarse cough that is most common in infants and young children.

A

Croup

61
Q

What pathagen is believed to cause 90% of all viral
gastroenteritis cases

A

Norovirus
aka Norwalk agent

Enteric virus -Caliciviruses

62
Q

What is it called when, one of the genes or RNA strands is substituted with a gene or strand from another influenza virus from a different animal host?

A

Antigenic shift

63
Q

What are the two patterns of yellow fever?

A

Urban cycle and Sylvan cycle

64
Q

What virus has Relatively large RNA viruses with distinctively spaced spikes
on their envelopes?

A

Coronaviruses

65
Q

Aspirin is not indicated to control symptoms of influenza because it significantly increases ______ syndrome.

A) hantavirus pulmonary
B) Guillain - Barre’
C) Reye’s
D) Mumps

A

C) Reyes

66
Q

Viruses are assigned to families on the basis of their
______, their______, and their_____

A

-Envelope
-capsid
-RNA Genome

67
Q

Deaths due to COVID - 19 are generally ascribed to (choose all that apply)
1. allergic reactions
2. acute respiratory distress syndrome
3. vaccine-associated myocarditis
4. multiorgan failure

A
  1. multiorgan failure and2. acute respiratory distress syndrome
68
Q

Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of
1. conjunctivitis
2. gastroenteritis
3. hand-foot-mouth disease
4. the common cold

A
  1. the common cold
69
Q

are named for their small (pico) size and
their RNA core

A

Picornaviruses

70
Q

naked capsid;
resistant to acid, bile, and
detergents; can survive
stomach acids when
ingested. What virus is this describing?

A

Poliovirus

71
Q

Viruses that cause serious diseases in infants are _______ and ________
1. mumps, calicivirus
2. respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus
3. coxsackievirus, HTLV-II
4. bunyavirus, cardiovirus

A
  1. respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus
72
Q

A SARS-CoV-2 variant that had mutated so that it was no longer detectable using common rapid - testing procedures would be considered a
1. variant of interest
2. variant of suspicion
3. variant of concern
4. variant under monitoring

A
  1. variant of concern
73
Q

brain, meninges, and spinal cord are
involved; convulsions, tremor, paralysis, loss of coordination,
memory deficits, changes in speech and personality, coma;
survivors may experience permanent brain damage. What is the name of this description?

A

Viral encephalitits

74
Q

Poliomyelitis is generally acquired via

A. Sexual Contact
B. Insect Vector
C. Ingestion
D. Inhalation

A

C. Ingestion

75
Q

What syndrome is a serious complication of influenza vaccines and marked by varying degrees of demyelination of the peripheral nervous system, which leads to weakness and sensory loss?

A

Guillain - Barre’ syndrome

76
Q

Mumps is mostly followed by a uncomplicated recovery and permanent immunity there after.

True or False

A

True

77
Q

What two groups contain hundreds of viruses whose normal hosts are arthropods or rodents?

A

Bunyavirus and arenavirus

78
Q

What virus causes symptoms very similar to infection with
chikungunya or dengue viruses. Birth defects if mother
infected during pregnancy

A

Zika virus

79
Q

What is the name for the characteristic red maculopapula?

A

Exanthem

80
Q

What is the most common tick-borne viral
fever in U.S.; Rocky Mountain states

A

Colorado tick fever (CTF)
* An arbovirus

81
Q

This viruses life cycles are closely tied to the ecology of the
vectors

A

Arboviruses

82
Q

______ is a influenza glycoprotein with 18 subtypes and binds to host cells.

A) Neuraminidase
B) Hemagglutinin

A

B) Hemagglutinin

83
Q

What is the least transmissable coronavirus?

A

SARS-CoV-2

84
Q

German measles is caused by what virus

A

Rubivirus

85
Q

Who should receive the influenza vaccination?
A) Anyone over age 60 and newborns
B) High risk groups and anyone over the age of 65
C) High risk groups and Everyone over 6 months of age

A

C) High risk groups and Everyone over 6 months of age

86
Q

What are the two clinical forms of rubella?

A

Postnatal rubella
and
Congenital rubella

Microbiology (11 decks)

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