Chapter 25/ The RNA Viruses that infect humans Flashcards
What are complications of measles?
1. SSPE
2. Pneumonia
3. congenital defects
4. both 1 and 2
- both 1 and 2
The most virulent coronavirus is
1. HCoV-NL63
2. SARS- CoV
3. MERS-CoV
4. SARS-CoV-2
- MERS-CoV
What are the three Paramyxoviruses?
*Paramyxovirus
* Morbillivirus
* Pneumovirus
What type of virus is closely associated with rodent host with transmission occurring through aerosols and contact
Arenaviruses
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is also called
Pneumovirus
What Influenza strain only undergoes antigenic drift, not antigenic shift?
A)Influenza A
B)Influenza B
C)Influenza C
D) all the above
B) Influenza B
What kind of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus
Constant genetic change of the glycoproteins through mutation is called_____. The antigens gradually change their amino acid composition, resulting in decreased ability of host memory cells to recognize them.
A) Antigenic shift
B) Antigenic drift
C) All the above are correct
B) antigenic drift
Creutzfeldt- jakob disease (CJD), Kuru, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal familial insomnia are all associated with….
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
What disease has Enveloped, bullet-shaped virions and is a
Slow, progressive zoonotic disease
Rabies
For which disease is an exanthem (skin rash) not a symptom?
1. measles
2. rubella
3. coxsackievirus infection
4. parainfluenza
- parainfluenza
Most cases of COVID - 19
1. resolve without treatment
2. require hospitalization
3. require intensive care and respiratory support
4. end in the death of the patient
- resolve without treatment
The infection mumps is caused by ____
Paramyxovirus
Which one of the arenaviruses can cross the placenta and infect the fetus?
A)Lassa fever
B)Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
C)Argentine hemorrhagic fever
D)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
D)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
What are the two factors of Pathology regarding HIV?
- The level of viruses
- The level of T cell in the blood
Infections with _______ virus cause the development of multinucleate giant cells
1. rabies
2. influenza
3. pneumo
4. corona
- pneumo
What acute disease has Less than 100 cases a year in U.S., but is also a frequent cause of death
worldwide
Measles
- Caused by Morbillivirus
- also known as red measles and rubeola
Measles is also known as red measles and rubeola.
True or False
True
What virus is sensitive to acidic environments and acquired from contaminated hands and fomites?
Many strains circulate the population at once
Human Rhinovirus
Measles present with unusual oral lesions called____
Koplik’s spots
which of the following is not a characteristic of the agents of spongiform encephalopathies?
1. highly resistant
2. associated with tangled proteins fibers in the brain
3. are naked fragments of RNA
4. cause chronic transmissible disease
- are naked fragments of RNA
Which receptors of the influenza virus are responsible for binding to the host cell?
A) hemagglutinin
B)Neuraminidase
C)Type A
D)Capsid proteins
A) hemagglutinin
a progressive neurological
degeneration of the cerebral cortex, white matter, and brain
stem
subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis (SSPE)
MERS- Cov stands for _________
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
What disease (s) are caused by Bunyaviruses?
A) California encephalitis
B) Rift Valley fever
C) Korean hemorrhagic fever
D) All the above
D) All the above
What are the four major arenaviruses?
Lassa fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Measles virus has an incubation period of ____
A) 30 days
B) 3 weeks
C) 2 weeks
D) 2 to 5 days
C) 2 weeks
A systemic inflammatory response by release of
massive amounts of cytokines which can lead to acute organ
failure is called_______ _______ syndrome
Cytokine release syndrome
Which type of influenza virus causes most infections?
A) Type A and B
B) Type C and B
C) Only Type A
D) Only Type C
C) Only type A
The primary site of attack in influenza is/are the _____
A) small intestine
B)respiratory epithelium
C)skin
D)meninges
B)respiratory epithelium
What are the 7 parts of the mutliplication cycle in HIV?
Binding,Fusion, Reverse transcription, Integration, Replication, Assembly, and budding
- BFRIRAB
acute
enteroviral infection of the spinal
cord that can cause
neuromuscular paralysis
Poliomyelitis
Severe pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii
* A rare vascular cancer called Kaposi sarcoma
* Sudden weight loss, swollen lymph nodes
* General loss of immune function
These are all signs of what virus?
Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
What virus results in most of the illnesses causing mild fevers, but some illnesses causing severe encephalitis, and life-threatening hemorrhagic fever
Arboviruses
Lassa fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian
hemorrhagic fever, and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis are associated with what virus?
Arenaviruses
What are the four phases of rabies?
Prodromal phase
Furious phase
Paralytic phase
Progress to coma phase
(PFPP)
Which of the following conditions is not associated with HIV infection?
1. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
2. Kaposi’s sarcoma
3. dementia
4. adult T-cell leukemia
- adult T-cell leukemia
In 20% to 30% of young adult males, mumps infection localizes in the _____ and _____
A) Epididymis and penis
B)Penis and anal glands
C) Epididymis and testis
D)Seminal vesicle and testis
C) Epididymis and testis
For which disease are active and passive immunization given simultaneously?
1. influenza
2. yellow fever
3. measles
4. rabies
- rabies
RNA viruses can be single or double stranded.
True or False
True
Polio and hepatitis A viruses are ______ viruses.
1. arbo
2. enteric
3. cold
4. syncytial
- enteric
Which of these happen(s) in the case of antigenic shift is influenza A?
A) single mutations in hemagglutinin
B) recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains.
C)change from influenza A to influenza B
D)Both A and B
B) recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains.
Which of these happens in the case of antigenic shift in influenza A?
1. single mutations in hemagglutinin
2. recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains
3. change from influenza A to influenza B
4. both a and b
- recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains
A common, highly diagnostic sign of measles is
1. viremia
2. red rash
3. sore throat
4. koplik’s spots
- koplik’s spots
Which diagnostic test for the presence of SARS - CoV-2 is generally far more sensitive when used on symptomaic persons?
1. RT-PCR
2. loop-mediated isothermal amplification
3. antigen tests
4. serological testing
- antigen tests
What property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into the host genome?
1. the RNA they carry
2. presence of glycoprotein receptors
3. presence of reverse transciptase
4. a positive-sense genome
- presence of reverse transciptase
Mumps presents with painful swelling at the angle of the jaw which is called_____
epidemic parotitis
The viral spikes for the flu are known as _____ and ______
Neuraminidase and
Hemagglutinin
German measles cause Kopliks spots and a skin rash
True or False
False
- absent kopliks spots but skin rash is present
What virus is treated with Palivizumad (Synagis), a monoclonal antibody that blocks
attachment to cells and / or
Ribavirin, inhaled antiviral drug
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Hepatitis C is caused by what virus?
Flavivirus
enzyme which makes a
double stranded DNA from the single-stranded RNA genome is called
Reverse transcriptase(RT)
Responsible for respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and
hand-foot-mouth disease
Nonpolio Enteroviruses
What are the most common Nonpolio Enteroviruses?
- Coxsackieviruses A and B
- Echoviruses
What are the 3 Enveloped Segmented ssRNA Viruses?
Orthomyxoviruses
Bunyaviruses
Arenaviruses
How are paramyxoviruses transmitted?
A) Feces
B) contaminated surfaces
C) Blood and urine
D) Respiratory droplets
D) Respiratory droplets
__________ is an emerging disease, with symptoms of high fever, lung, edema, and pulmonary failure, with a 33% mortality rate.
A) Rhabdoviruses
B) SARS
C) Rubivirus (Rubella)
D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Seen mostly in children and presents as Minor cold, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, croup
Parainfluenza
Human Rhinovirus is associate with the _____ ______
Common cold
Over 160 serotypes associated with the common cold
____ manifests as labored and noisy breathing accompanied by a hoarse cough that is most common in infants and young children.
Croup
What pathagen is believed to cause 90% of all viral
gastroenteritis cases
Norovirus
aka Norwalk agent
Enteric virus -Caliciviruses
What is it called when, one of the genes or RNA strands is substituted with a gene or strand from another influenza virus from a different animal host?
Antigenic shift
What are the two patterns of yellow fever?
Urban cycle and Sylvan cycle
What virus has Relatively large RNA viruses with distinctively spaced spikes
on their envelopes?
Coronaviruses
Aspirin is not indicated to control symptoms of influenza because it significantly increases ______ syndrome.
A) hantavirus pulmonary
B) Guillain - Barre’
C) Reye’s
D) Mumps
C) Reyes
Viruses are assigned to families on the basis of their
______, their______, and their_____
-Envelope
-capsid
-RNA Genome
Deaths due to COVID - 19 are generally ascribed to (choose all that apply)
1. allergic reactions
2. acute respiratory distress syndrome
3. vaccine-associated myocarditis
4. multiorgan failure
- multiorgan failure and2. acute respiratory distress syndrome
Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of
1. conjunctivitis
2. gastroenteritis
3. hand-foot-mouth disease
4. the common cold
- the common cold
are named for their small (pico) size and
their RNA core
Picornaviruses
naked capsid;
resistant to acid, bile, and
detergents; can survive
stomach acids when
ingested. What virus is this describing?
Poliovirus
Viruses that cause serious diseases in infants are _______ and ________
1. mumps, calicivirus
2. respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus
3. coxsackievirus, HTLV-II
4. bunyavirus, cardiovirus
- respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus
A SARS-CoV-2 variant that had mutated so that it was no longer detectable using common rapid - testing procedures would be considered a
1. variant of interest
2. variant of suspicion
3. variant of concern
4. variant under monitoring
- variant of concern
brain, meninges, and spinal cord are
involved; convulsions, tremor, paralysis, loss of coordination,
memory deficits, changes in speech and personality, coma;
survivors may experience permanent brain damage. What is the name of this description?
Viral encephalitits
Poliomyelitis is generally acquired via
A. Sexual Contact
B. Insect Vector
C. Ingestion
D. Inhalation
C. Ingestion
What syndrome is a serious complication of influenza vaccines and marked by varying degrees of demyelination of the peripheral nervous system, which leads to weakness and sensory loss?
Guillain - Barre’ syndrome
Mumps is mostly followed by a uncomplicated recovery and permanent immunity there after.
True or False
True
What two groups contain hundreds of viruses whose normal hosts are arthropods or rodents?
Bunyavirus and arenavirus
What virus causes symptoms very similar to infection with
chikungunya or dengue viruses. Birth defects if mother
infected during pregnancy
Zika virus
What is the name for the characteristic red maculopapula?
Exanthem
What is the most common tick-borne viral
fever in U.S.; Rocky Mountain states
Colorado tick fever (CTF)
* An arbovirus
This viruses life cycles are closely tied to the ecology of the
vectors
Arboviruses
______ is a influenza glycoprotein with 18 subtypes and binds to host cells.
A) Neuraminidase
B) Hemagglutinin
B) Hemagglutinin
What is the least transmissable coronavirus?
SARS-CoV-2
German measles is caused by what virus
Rubivirus
Who should receive the influenza vaccination?
A) Anyone over age 60 and newborns
B) High risk groups and anyone over the age of 65
C) High risk groups and Everyone over 6 months of age
C) High risk groups and Everyone over 6 months of age
What are the two clinical forms of rubella?
Postnatal rubella
and
Congenital rubella
