Chapter 6 Flashcards
Behavioural Coping
Physical activities used to deal with a stressful situation
Behavioural Strains
Patterns of negative behaviours associated with other strains
Benign Job Demands
Job demands that are not appraised as being useful
Burnout
The emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion from coping with stressful demands on a continuing basis
Challenge Stressors
stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement
Cognitive-behavioural techniques
Various practices that help workers cope with life’s stressors in a rational manner
Cognitive Coping
Thoughts used to deal with a stressful situation
Coping
Behaviours and thoughts used to manage stressful demands and the emotions associated with the stressful demands
Daily Hassles
Minor day-to-day demands that interfere with work accomplishment
Emotional Support
The empathy and understanding people receive from others that can be used to alleviate emotional distress from stressful demands
Emotion-focused Coping
Behaviours and cognitions of an individual intended to help manage emotional reactions to the stressful demands
Family time demands
The amount of time committed to fulfilling family responsibilities
Financial Uncertainty
Uncertainty with regard to the potential for loss of livelihood, savings, or the ability to pay expenses
Health and wellness programs
Employee assistance programs that help workers with personal problems such as alcoholism and other addictions
Hindrance Stressors
stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment
Instrumental Support
The help people receive from other that can be used to address a stressful demand directly
Job sharing
Two people sharing the responsibilities of a single job
Negative Life Events
Events such as divorce or death of a family member that tend to be appraised as a hindrance
Personal Development
Participation in activities outside of work that foster growth and learning
Physiological Strains
Reactions from stressors that harm the human body
Positive Life Events
Events such as marriage or the birth of a child that tend to be appraised as a challenge
Primary Appraisal
Evaluation of whether a demand is stressful and , if it is, the implication of the stressor in terms of personal goals and well-being
Problem-focused Coping
Behaviours and cognitions of an individual intended to manage the stressful situation itself
Psychological Strain
Negative psychological reactions from stressors such as depression, anxiety, and anger
Relaxation Techniques
Calming activities to reduce stress
Role Ambiguity
A lack of direction and information about what needs to be done in a role
Role conflict
Others having differing expectations of what an individual needs to do in a role
Role overload
An excess of demands on an employee preventing him or her from working effectively
Secondary appraisal
When people determine how to cope with the various stressors they face
Social Support
The help people receive from others when confronted with stressful demands
Strains
Negative consequences of the stress response
Stress
The psychological response to demands where there is something at stake for the individual, and when coping with these demands would tax or exceed the individual’s capacity or resources
Stress Audit
An assessment of the sources of stress in the workplace
Stressors
Demands that cause the stress response
Supportive Practices
Ways in which organizations help employees manage and balance their demands
Time Pressure
The sense that the amount of time allotted to do a job is not quite enough
Training Interventions
Practices that increase employee’s competencies and skills
Transactional Theory of Stress
A theory that explains how stressful demands are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to the perceptions of appraisals
Type A Behaviour Pattern
A type of behaviour exhibited by people who tend to experience more stressors, to appraise more demands as stressful, and to be prone to experiencing more strains than most others
Work Complexity
The degree to which job requirements tax or just exceed employee capabilities
Work-family Conflict
A form of role conflict in which the demands of a work role hinder the fulfilment of the demands in a family role (or vice vera)
Work Responsibility
The number and importance of the obligations an employee has to others
Types of Work Hindrance Stressors
- role conflict
- role ambiguity
- role overload
- daily hassles
Types of Work Challenge Stressors
- time pressure
- work complexity
- work responsibility
Stress Management Techniques
- relaxation techniques
- cognitive-behavioural techniques
- health and wellness programs
Eustress
Good stress
Reframing
A way of viewing and experiencing events, ideas, concepts and emotions to find more positive alternatives
4 Coping Strategies
1) Behavioural Coping
2) Cognitive Coping
3) Problem-focused Coping
4) Emotion-focused Coping