Chapter 4 Flashcards
Personality
An individual’s characteristic patterns of
thought, emotion, and behaviour
Traits
Recurring trends in people’s responses to their environment
Cultural Values
Shared beliefs and desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits
Ability
Relatively stable capabilities of people for performing a particular range of related activities
What are the “Big Five” factors of personality?
- conscientiousness
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
- openness to experience
- extraversion
Conscientiousness
Dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hard-working, and persevering
Agreeableness
Dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, and warm
Neuroticism
Dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable
Openness to experience
Dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated
Extraversion
Dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant
Big Five
The 5 major dimensions of personality:
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
- Openness to experience
- Extraversion
Accomplishment Striving
A strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing one’s personality
Communion striving
A strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing one’s personality
Zero acquaintance situations
Situations in which 2 people have just met
Status striving
A strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing one’s personality
Positive Affectivity
A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation
Negative Affectivity
A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness and annoyance
Locus of control
One’s tendency to view the cause of events and personal outcomes as internally or externally controlled
Culture
The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations
Individualism-collectivism
The degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (individualism) or a tight social framework (collectivism)
Power distance
the degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance)
Uncertainty avoidance
The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance)
Masculinity-femininity
The degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masculinity) or stereotypically female traits (femininity)
Short Term vs Long Term Orientation
Past + Present Oriented = Short Term
Future Oriented = Long Term
Ethnocentrism
A propensity to view one’s own cultural values as “right” and those of other cultures as “wrong”
Types and Facets of Cognitive Ability
- verbal
- quantitative
- reasoning
- spatial
- perceptual
Cognitive Ability
Capabilities related to the use of knowledge to make decisions and solve problems
Verbal Ability
Various capabilities associated with understanding and expressing oral and written communication
Quantitative Ability
Capabilities associated with doing basic mathematical operations and selecting and applying formulas to solve mathematical problems
Reasoning Ability
A diverse set of abilities associated with sensing and solving problems using insight, rules, and logic
Spatial Ability
Capabilities associated with visual and mental representation and manipulation of objects in space
Perceptual Ability
The capacity to perceive, understand, and recall patterns of information
General Cognitive Ability
The general level of cognitive ability that plays an important role in determining the more narrow cognitive abilities
What are the various types of emotional ability?
- self-awareness
- other awareness
- emotion regulation
- use of emotions
Emotional Intelligence
A set of abilities related to the understanding and use of emotions that affect social functioning
Self-Awareness
The ability to recognize and understand the emotions in oneself
Other Awareness
The ability to recognize and understand the emotions that other people are feeling
Emotion Regulation
The ability to recover quickly from emotional experiences
Use of Emotions
The degree to which people can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chance of being successful in whatever they are seeking to do
What are the various types of physical ability?
- strength
- stamina
- flexibility and coordination
- psychomotor ability
- sensory ability
Strength
The degree to which the body is capable of exerting force
Stamina
The ability of a person’s lungs and circulatory system to work efficiently while he or she is engaging in prolonged physical activity
Flexibility
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach
Coordination
The quality of physical movements in terms of synchronization of movements and balance
Psychomotor ability
Capabilities associated with manipulating and controlling objects
Sensory ability
Capabilities associated with vision and hearing
Typical Performance
Performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks
Maximim Performance
Performance in brief special circumstances that demand a person’s best effort
Situational Strength
The degree to which situations have clear behavioural expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important
Trait Activation
The degree to which situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given personality trait
Wonderlic Personnel Test
A 12-minute test of general cognitive ability used to hire job applicants
Hofstede’s 5 Dimensions of Cultural Values
1) Individualism / Collectivism
2) Power Distance
3) Uncertainty avoidance
4) Masculinity / Femininity
5) Short Term vs Long Term Orientation
