Chapter 6 Flashcards
Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
-secreted ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin
Tropic hormones
Hormones that regulate other hormones
Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
Stimulates the anterior pituitary to release prolactin, mammary development
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Dopamine, inhibits prolactin
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Release thyroid stimulating hormone, anterior pituitary. Regulate metabolism
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Release adrenocorticotropic hormone, stimulating glucocorticoids
Growth hormone releasing
Regulate growth and energy metabolism
Stimulate liver to make insulin like growth factors
Stimulate bone and tissue growth
Growth hormone Inhibiting
Somatostatin, inhibits secretion of growth hormone and pancreatic hormones
Regulate digestion and absorption in GI tract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Release gonadotropin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone
Short loop negative feedback
The inhibition of hypothalamic tropic hormones by the anterior pituitary tropic hormone
Long loop negative feedback
The final hormone feeds back to hypothalamus to inhibit tropic hormone
Pineal gland
Secretes melatonin, regulate sleep and enhances immune system function
Thyroid gland
Secretes tetraiodothyronin(T4) triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin
Regulates metabolism, growth/dev
Parathyroid
Secretes calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in blood
Stimulate D3 synthesis
Thymus
Secrete thymosin which regulate T cell function (immune sys)
Adrenal Glands
Outer Layer: Cortex
Inner Layer: Medulla
Above kidney suprarenal
Adrenal Cortex 3 layers
1) Zona glomerulosa
2) Zona fasciulata
3) Zona reticularis
Secrets hormones call adrenocorticoids
Adrenocortocoids
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)- Zona glomerusola, regulate sodium and potassium
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)-Zona fasciulata and reticularis, regulates lipid metabolism, protein, carbs, glucose and stress
Sex hormone (androgens)- Zona fasciulata and reticularis, reproduction
Adrenal Medulla
Has chromaffin cells and secrete catecholamines; epinephrine nonepinephrine and dopamine
Pancreas (islets of langerhans)
Secretes: Insulin-beta B cells 2x Glucagon- alpha A cells Somatostatin- delta cells Pancreatic polypeptide
Gonads
Male: androgens, testosterone, and androstenedione
Females: Estradiol (estrogen and progesterone)
Placenta makes chronic gonadotropin (prep test)
Secondary Endocrine Organs
Heart- atrial natriuretic peptide, regulate sodium reabsorption
Kidney- erythropoietin, blood synthesis
Digestive- gastric, secretin cholecystokinin
Liver- insulin like growth factors,tissue growth
Skin- produce vitamin D for calcium regulation
Concentration of free hormone in blood 3 factors
- The rate of hormone secretion
- the amount of hormones transported bound to carrier proteins
- the rate at which the hormone is metabolized
Input for hormone secretion
Neural signals
Humoral (blood)(ex. Stress)
Additive
Net effect of hormone equals the sum of individual affects
Synergistic
Net effect is greater that sum of individual hormones
Permissiveness
when the presence of one hormone is needed for another hormone to act
