Additional Info Ch.5+6

Question 1

Gap junction

Answer 1

Channels that allow ions to pass from one cell to another made of units called connexins

Question 2

R.I.C.E

Answer 2

Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

Heat vasodilation
Ice vasoconstriction

Question 3

Autocrine

Answer 3

Cell secretes signal and has a receptor to respond to the same chemical it secreted

Question 4

Serotonin

Answer 4

Paracrine for platelets

Question 5

Catecholamines

Answer 5

Made from tyrosine

Question 6

Amino acid synthesis

Answer 6

Glucose= Glutamate, Aspartate

Glutamate= Gamma amino butric acid

3-Phosphoglycerate= Glycine

Question 7

Mifepristone RU486

Answer 7

Blocks progesterone, to displace embryo

Question 8

Signal Transduction

Answer 8

Transmit signals by binding to

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 9

Pituitary

Answer 9

Anterior: Adenohypophesis
Posterior: NeuroHypophysis

Question 10

Oxytocin

Answer 10

Uterine contraction and milk release in breast

Question 11

Portal system

Answer 11

Special arrangement of blood vessels in capillary beds

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Question 12

Method of secretion in hypothalamic portal system

Answer 12

Hypothalamus 
v
Capillary beds
v
Infundibulum
v
Portal bed
v
Anterior pituitary

Question 13

Hypothalamic Tropic Hormones

Answer 13

Stimulate:
Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Inhibit:
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Question 14

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

Answer 14

Dopamine agonist
Abortion
Miscarriage
Can’t breast feed

Question 15

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 15

80% Epinephrine
20% Nonepinephrine
<1% Dopamine

Question 16

Pancreas Exocrine

Answer 16

Aanar cells and ducts secrete enzymes and fluid into the GI tract

Question 17

Ovaries

Answer 17

Oogensis
Oocytes
(Estradiol)

Question 18

Testes

Answer 18

Spermatogensis
(Testosterone)
(Adrenostendione)

Question 19

Placenta

Answer 19

Maintain corpus luteum

Question 20

Renin

Answer 20

Stim aldosterone secretion indirectly via the renin angiotensin system levels

Question 21

Small intestine

Answer 21

Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

Question 22

Hormone signal categories

Answer 22

Hormones
Ions
Metabolites

Question 23

Suprachaismatic nucleus

Answer 23

Stimulate neurosecretory cells

Question 24

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Answer 24

Insufficient secretion of insulin

Question 25

Secondary disorder

Answer 25

From the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary which secretes the tropic hormone

Question 26

Antagonism

Answer 26

Parathyroid ^ ca2+ Calcitonin v ca2+ Glucagon ^ blood glucose Insulin v blood glucose

Question 27

Functioning Adenoma

Answer 27

Tumor cells that actively secrete a certain hormone (affect prolactin) Galactorrhea- inappropriatene breast discharge Amenorrhea- lack of menstrual period Sexual dysfunction

Question 28

Cushing disease

Answer 28

High levels of cortisol in bloodstream ``` Symptoms: Obese Moonface Hyperhidrosis (sweaty) Hirsutism Hyperpigmentation ```

Question 29

Chronic hyperinsulemia

Answer 29

High levels of insulin (Type 2 diabetes) Hypoglycemia Hypertension Synthesis VLDL (plaque in arteries)

Question 30

Addison’s disease

Answer 30

Decrease in adrenal glands production of glucocorticoids and minercorticoids Fatigue, dizziness, weakness Hypotension Hyperpigmentation

Question 31

Conn syndrome (Hyperaldosteronism)

Answer 31

High levels of aldosterone ``` Headache Dizzy, fatigue Shortness of breath Changes in vision Anxiety Increased sweating Tinnitus ```

Question 32

Ovulation

Answer 32

Day 1: Fertilization Day 2-4: division takes place Day 4-5: Blastocyst reaches uterus Day 5-9: Blastocyst implants

Question 33

Levonorgestrel (Morning After pill)

Answer 33

``` Delays ovulation (egg won’t be released) Irritate endometrium to inhibit implantation ```

Question 34

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 34

Deficiency in circulating vasopressin (ADH) Excessive fluid intake Nephrogenic (renal failure) Neurogenic (stroke)

Question 35

Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)

Answer 35

Enlarged thyroid (Goiter) by autoimmune disorder or damage to gland Cardiac, hepatic, renal failure, and proptosis (eye bulge)

Question 36

Hypothyroidism (Hadhimoto disease) Iodine deficiency

Answer 36

Hypothalamic, pituitary, or thyroid insufficiency Cretinism in infants Weakness, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, infertility, slow movements Women 50+ older

Question 37

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)

Answer 37

Insulin resistance High glucose Increased platlets and adhesion Infertility Hirsutism Allopecia Obese