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Vert physiology > Additional Info Ch.5+6 > Flashcards

Additional Info Ch.5+6 Flashcards

1
Q

Gap junction

A

Channels that allow ions to pass from one cell to another made of units called connexins

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2
Q

R.I.C.E

A

Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

Heat vasodilation
Ice vasoconstriction

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3
Q

Autocrine

A

Cell secretes signal and has a receptor to respond to the same chemical it secreted

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4
Q

Serotonin

A

Paracrine for platelets

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5
Q

Catecholamines

A

Made from tyrosine

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6
Q

Amino acid synthesis

A

Glucose= Glutamate, Aspartate

Glutamate= Gamma amino butric acid

3-Phosphoglycerate= Glycine

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7
Q

Mifepristone RU486

A

Blocks progesterone, to displace embryo

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8
Q

Signal Transduction

A

Transmit signals by binding to

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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9
Q

Pituitary

A

Anterior: Adenohypophesis
Posterior: NeuroHypophysis

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10
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterine contraction and milk release in breast

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11
Q

Portal system

A

Special arrangement of blood vessels in capillary beds

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Method of secretion in hypothalamic portal system

A 
Hypothalamus 
v
Capillary beds
v
Infundibulum
v
Portal bed
v
Anterior pituitary
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13
Q

Hypothalamic Tropic Hormones

A 
Stimulate:
Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Inhibit:
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

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14
Q

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

A

Dopamine agonist
Abortion
Miscarriage
Can’t breast feed

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15
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

80% Epinephrine
20% Nonepinephrine
<1% Dopamine

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16
Q

Pancreas Exocrine

A

Aanar cells and ducts secrete enzymes and fluid into the GI tract

17
Q

Ovaries

A

Oogensis
Oocytes
(Estradiol)

18
Q

Testes

A

Spermatogensis
(Testosterone)
(Adrenostendione)

19
Q

Placenta

A

Maintain corpus luteum

20
Q

Renin

A

Stim aldosterone secretion indirectly via the renin angiotensin system levels

21
Q

Small intestine

A

Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

22
Q

Hormone signal categories

A

Hormones
Ions
Metabolites

23
Q

Suprachaismatic nucleus

A

Stimulate neurosecretory cells

24
Q

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

A

Insufficient secretion of insulin

25
Q

Secondary disorder

A

From the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary which secretes the tropic hormone

26
Q

Antagonism

A

Parathyroid ^ ca2+
Calcitonin v ca2+
Glucagon ^ blood glucose
Insulin v blood glucose

27
Q

Functioning Adenoma

A

Tumor cells that actively secrete a certain hormone (affect prolactin)

Galactorrhea- inappropriatene breast discharge
Amenorrhea- lack of menstrual period
Sexual dysfunction

28
Q

Cushing disease

A

High levels of cortisol in bloodstream

Symptoms:
Obese
Moonface
Hyperhidrosis (sweaty)
Hirsutism
Hyperpigmentation
29
Q

Chronic hyperinsulemia

A

High levels of insulin (Type 2 diabetes)
Hypoglycemia
Hypertension
Synthesis VLDL (plaque in arteries)

30
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Decrease in adrenal glands production of glucocorticoids and minercorticoids

Fatigue, dizziness, weakness
Hypotension
Hyperpigmentation

31
Q

Conn syndrome (Hyperaldosteronism)

A

High levels of aldosterone

Headache 
Dizzy, fatigue 
Shortness of breath 
Changes in vision
Anxiety 
Increased sweating
Tinnitus
32
Q

Ovulation

A

Day 1: Fertilization
Day 2-4: division takes place
Day 4-5: Blastocyst reaches uterus
Day 5-9: Blastocyst implants

33
Q

Levonorgestrel (Morning After pill)

A 
Delays ovulation (egg won’t be released)
Irritate endometrium to inhibit implantation
34
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Deficiency in circulating vasopressin (ADH)

Excessive fluid intake
Nephrogenic (renal failure)
Neurogenic (stroke)

35
Q

Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)

A

Enlarged thyroid (Goiter) by autoimmune disorder or damage to gland

Cardiac, hepatic, renal failure, and proptosis (eye bulge)

36
Q

Hypothyroidism (Hadhimoto disease)

Iodine deficiency

A

Hypothalamic, pituitary, or thyroid insufficiency

Cretinism in infants

Weakness, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, infertility, slow movements

Women 50+ older

37
Q

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)

A

Insulin resistance

High glucose

Increased platlets and adhesion

Infertility

Hirsutism

Allopecia

Obese

Vert physiology (8 decks)

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