Additional Info Ch.5+6 Flashcards
Gap junction
Channels that allow ions to pass from one cell to another made of units called connexins
R.I.C.E
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
Heat vasodilation
Ice vasoconstriction
Autocrine
Cell secretes signal and has a receptor to respond to the same chemical it secreted
Serotonin
Paracrine for platelets
Catecholamines
Made from tyrosine
Amino acid synthesis
Glucose= Glutamate, Aspartate
Glutamate= Gamma amino butric acid
3-Phosphoglycerate= Glycine
Mifepristone RU486
Blocks progesterone, to displace embryo
Signal Transduction
Transmit signals by binding to
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Pituitary
Anterior: Adenohypophesis
Posterior: NeuroHypophysis
Oxytocin
Uterine contraction and milk release in breast
Portal system
Special arrangement of blood vessels in capillary beds
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Method of secretion in hypothalamic portal system
Hypothalamus v Capillary beds v Infundibulum v Portal bed v Anterior pituitary
Hypothalamic Tropic Hormones
Stimulate: Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH) Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Inhibit:
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Dopamine agonist
Abortion
Miscarriage
Can’t breast feed
Adrenal Medulla
80% Epinephrine
20% Nonepinephrine
<1% Dopamine
Pancreas Exocrine
Aanar cells and ducts secrete enzymes and fluid into the GI tract
Ovaries
Oogensis
Oocytes
(Estradiol)
Testes
Spermatogensis
(Testosterone)
(Adrenostendione)
Placenta
Maintain corpus luteum
Renin
Stim aldosterone secretion indirectly via the renin angiotensin system levels
Small intestine
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
Hormone signal categories
Hormones
Ions
Metabolites
Suprachaismatic nucleus
Stimulate neurosecretory cells
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Insufficient secretion of insulin
Secondary disorder
From the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary which secretes the tropic hormone
Antagonism
Parathyroid ^ ca2+
Calcitonin v ca2+
Glucagon ^ blood glucose
Insulin v blood glucose
Functioning Adenoma
Tumor cells that actively secrete a certain hormone (affect prolactin)
Galactorrhea- inappropriatene breast discharge
Amenorrhea- lack of menstrual period
Sexual dysfunction
Cushing disease
High levels of cortisol in bloodstream
Symptoms: Obese Moonface Hyperhidrosis (sweaty) Hirsutism Hyperpigmentation
Chronic hyperinsulemia
High levels of insulin (Type 2 diabetes)
Hypoglycemia
Hypertension
Synthesis VLDL (plaque in arteries)
Addison’s disease
Decrease in adrenal glands production of glucocorticoids and minercorticoids
Fatigue, dizziness, weakness
Hypotension
Hyperpigmentation
Conn syndrome (Hyperaldosteronism)
High levels of aldosterone
Headache Dizzy, fatigue Shortness of breath Changes in vision Anxiety Increased sweating Tinnitus
Ovulation
Day 1: Fertilization
Day 2-4: division takes place
Day 4-5: Blastocyst reaches uterus
Day 5-9: Blastocyst implants
Levonorgestrel (Morning After pill)
Delays ovulation (egg won’t be released) Irritate endometrium to inhibit implantation
Diabetes insipidus
Deficiency in circulating vasopressin (ADH)
Excessive fluid intake
Nephrogenic (renal failure)
Neurogenic (stroke)
Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)
Enlarged thyroid (Goiter) by autoimmune disorder or damage to gland
Cardiac, hepatic, renal failure, and proptosis (eye bulge)
Hypothyroidism (Hadhimoto disease)
Iodine deficiency
Hypothalamic, pituitary, or thyroid insufficiency
Cretinism in infants
Weakness, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, infertility, slow movements
Women 50+ older
Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)
Insulin resistance
High glucose
Increased platlets and adhesion
Infertility
Hirsutism
Allopecia
Obese
