Chapter 4

Question 1

An ion crossing the membrane depends on 2 things

Answer 1

1) The sign of the membrane potential

2) The valence or charge

Question 2

Types of Passive Transport

Answer 2

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Ion Channels

Question 3

Factors that affect simple diffusion

Answer 3

1) magnitude of the driving force
2) membrane surface area
3) Permeability

Question 4

Tissues w/ large mem area

Answer 4

Pulmonary epithelium (Alveoli)
Intestinal epithelium (microvilli)
Capillaries

Question 5

Factors that influence permeability

Answer 5

Lipid solubility
Size and Shape
Temp
Mem Thickness

Question 6

Hydrophobic mol’s move via simple diffusion

Answer 6

Fatty acids
Steroids
Thyroid hormones
O2
Co2
Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Question 7

Two factors affecting binding site

Answer 7

Affinity of b.s.

Concentration gradient

Question 8

3 factors rate of facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

Transport rate of individual carriers
# of carriers in mem
Magnitude of conc gradients

Question 9

Factors of rate of ion transport

Answer 9

Transport rate of actual channel
# of channels in the mem

Question 10

Factors of rate of active transport

Answer 10

Rate of transport
# of pumps in the mem

Question 11

Types of hemorrhages

Answer 11

Class I- 15%, stable
Class II- 15-30% ^ heart rate, Iv for vasoconstriction
Class III- 30-40% BP v, blood transfusion
Class IV- 40%+, aggressive resuscitation

Question 12

3 types endocytosis

Answer 12

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor mediated

Question 13

Cystic fibrosis (Autosomal Recessive)

Answer 13

Mutated chloride transporter CFTR
Die in 20s pneumonia
Scarring on pancreas
Sweat ^ salt

Question 14

Cystic fibrosis treatment

Answer 14

Antibiotics 
Pulmozyme (Thin mucus)
Albuterol (dialate bronchioles)
Drain bronchial
Pain relievers
Oral enzymes 
Lung transplantation

Question 15

Cystinuria (Autosomal recessive)

Answer 15

Mutations in amino acids and cysteine (SLC)

Prevents reabsorption of histidine, lysine,ornithine,arginine, cysteine

Question 16

Cystinuria (Symptoms)

Answer 16

Urine has white hexagonal crystals 
Kidney stones 1%
Hematuria (blood in urine)
Hydronephrosis (displayed renal)
Nephritis (inflamed kidney)

Question 17

Little’s syndrome (Autosomal Dominant) RARE

Answer 17

AKA Pseudoaldosterism
Mutant sodium channel, ^ osmotic pressure (BP)
Reabsorption of sodium, loss of potassium

Treatment:
Low sodium diet
Potassium diuretic drugs