Chapter 6

Question 1

perceived distance of an object could be (2 things)

Answer 1

metric or ordinal

Question 2

metric

Answer 2

estimate absolute distance

Question 3

ordinal

Answer 3

relative arrangement of visible objects can be inferred

Question 4

sensory cue

Answer 4

piece of info derived from sensory stimulation and relevant for perception

Question 5

monocular depth cue

Answer 5

if depth cue s derived from photoreceptors or movements from single eye

Question 6

stereo depth cue

Answer 6

both eyes are required to derive depth from photoreptors or movements

Question 7

retinal image size

Answer 7

assume object would occupy a larger part of the image and cover more pixels as it comes closer to the camera

Question 8

two important factors with reteinal image size

Answer 8

view must be familiar with object and know its true size, and object must appear natural as to not conflict with other depth cues

Question 9

size contancy scaling

Answer 9

assume distance rather than size if person is changing if they come closer - falls under subjective constancy involving size, shape and color

Question 10

size perception

Answer 10

if uncertainty about size, knowledge of distance should contribute to estimating and coupled with depth perception

Question 11

controversial depth theory

Answer 11

our perceived vidual angle differs from acutal visula angle beause visual angle is proportional to retinal image size

Question 12

motion parallax

Answer 12

relative differnce in speeds of objects - related to optical flow

Question 13

horopter

Answer 13

humans perceive a single focused image over a surface in space

Question 14

binocular disparity

Answer 14

each eye provides different vewpoint resulting in different images on retina/ provide lateral offset ofr each eye but eyes can rotate to converge

Question 15

monocular depth cues

Answer 15

shadows, interposition, image blur, atmosphereic cue

Question 16

shadows

Answer 16

resoluve amigous depth in ball and shadow illusion

Question 17

interposition

Answer 17

provideordinal depth cue

Question 18

image blur

Answer 18

one gnome appears closer if blurred

Question 19

atmospheric cue

Answer 19

scenery perceived farther because lower contrast

Question 20

diplopia

Answer 20

perceive double images of ojbects at other depths

Question 21

reichardt dector (pg 156)

Answer 21

responds to directional motion in human vision system

Question 22

wagon wheel effect

Answer 22

a wheel with spokes may appear to be rotating in opposite direction depending on speed

Question 23

motion detectors are…

Answer 23

local in the sense that a tiny portion of visual field causes each to activate

Question 24

aperture problem

Answer 24

if too much of the moving body is blocked

Question 25

vector field

Answer 25

global motions across a retina that assigns a velocity vector at every position

Question 26

optical flow

Answer 26

global result that provides powerful cues for both object motion

Question 27

vection

Answer 27

powerful cues for self motion

Question 28

distinguishers of object motion from observer

Answer 28

saccadic suppression hides vision signals during movement, propioceptions, large scale motion

Question 29

stroboscopic apparent motion

Answer 29

motions seen are an illusion because sequence of still pictures is flashed onto a screen

Question 30

zoetrope

Answer 30

rotating drum with slits that allow each frame to be visible while drum rotates

Question 31

persistence of vision

Answer 31

images persist in the vision system during intervals in between frames causeing them to be perceived as continuous

Question 32

what is the slowest speed that stroboscopic apparent motion will work

Answer 32

10 frames per second

Question 33

two examples of motion perceived in a sequence of blinking lights rather than flashing frames

Answer 33

phi phenomenon and beta movement

Question 34

low frame rates lead to perceptible

Answer 34

flicker

Question 35

flicker

Answer 35

images rapidly fash on screen with black in between

Question 36

flicker fusion threshold

Answer 36

precise rates at which flicker is perceptible or causes fatigure dpends on fps, position on retina, age color intesnity/ limit pends on kind of display, siize specifications, how it is used and who is using it

Question 37

zipper effect

Answer 37

wave around an led so fast that eyes cant track it and flicker becomes perceptible as a zipper/ each time led pulses on it is imagd in a different place on the reitna

Question 38

judder

Answer 38

object appears to be wobbling from side to side with high frequency but small amplitude/ each feature is fixed on a screen for too long when it should be moving continuously

Question 39

low persistence

Answer 39

if screen is instead turned on for only one or two milliseconds for each frame and then made black during the remaining times then amount of reintal image slip is reduced

Question 40

function space

Answer 40

all set of possible distirbutions as a function of wavelength

Question 41

metamerism

Answer 41

matching colors from red green and blue components

Question 42

HSV

Answer 42

hue saturation value

Question 43

hue

Answer 43

perceived color

Question 44

saturation

Answer 44

purtiy of the color / how much energy is coming from wavelengths other than wavelength of hue

Question 45

value

Answer 45

brightness

Question 46

cie color standard

Answer 46

undistroed from perceptual perspective / two dimensional disregards birghtness

Question 47

trichromatic theory (young helmholtz theory)

Answer 47

mixtures of three colors to match any

Question 48

white light

Answer 48

even mixing three colors

Question 49

blakc light

Answer 49

0 of everything

Question 50

color constancy

Answer 50

our ability to perceive an object as having the same color over a wide variety of lighting conditions

Question 51

chromatic adaptation

Answer 51

results in a shift in perceived colors due to rpolonged exposure to specific colors

Question 52

lightness constnacy

Answer 52

overall birghtness levels appear to be unchanged even after lighting conditions are dramatically altered

Question 53

ration principle theory

Answer 53

ratio of reflectances between objets in scene are perceptually mainteined whereas overall amount reflected instesity not perceived

Question 54

gamma correction

Answer 54

enhance the amount of contrast over entire range

Question 55

bayes rule

Answer 55

specific specifies how prior beleifs should be updated in light of new observations to obtain posterior beliefs

Question 56

beliefs in bayes rule

Answer 56

probabilities

Question 57

conditional probability

Answer 57

if the probability takes into account info from previous information

Question 58

likelihood of a hypothesis proportional

Answer 58

to its frquency of occuring naturally, based on evoluaiton and the lifetime of experiences of person

Question 59

peak implies what

Answer 59

high confidence

Question 60

conditional independence / cognitivie bias

Answer 60

pg 173

Question 61

multistable perception

Answer 61

percetula system alternate between two or more conclusions

Question 62

bistable perception

Answer 62

case of two conclusions

Question 63

mcgurk effect

Answer 63

indicates power of integration by mixing visual and audtiory cues (reading someones lips from youtube)

Question 64

with vr and percpetion what are two cases of a popup menu

Answer 64

menu appraoches user or user is rushing up to the menu