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Virtual Reality > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

perceived distance of an object could be (2 things)

A

metric or ordinal

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2
Q

metric

A

estimate absolute distance

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3
Q

ordinal

A

relative arrangement of visible objects can be inferred

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4
Q

sensory cue

A

piece of info derived from sensory stimulation and relevant for perception

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5
Q

monocular depth cue

A

if depth cue s derived from photoreceptors or movements from single eye

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6
Q

stereo depth cue

A

both eyes are required to derive depth from photoreptors or movements

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7
Q

retinal image size

A

assume object would occupy a larger part of the image and cover more pixels as it comes closer to the camera

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8
Q

two important factors with reteinal image size

A

view must be familiar with object and know its true size, and object must appear natural as to not conflict with other depth cues

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9
Q

size contancy scaling

A

assume distance rather than size if person is changing if they come closer - falls under subjective constancy involving size, shape and color

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10
Q

size perception

A

if uncertainty about size, knowledge of distance should contribute to estimating and coupled with depth perception

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11
Q

controversial depth theory

A

our perceived vidual angle differs from acutal visula angle beause visual angle is proportional to retinal image size

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12
Q

motion parallax

A

relative differnce in speeds of objects - related to optical flow

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13
Q

horopter

A

humans perceive a single focused image over a surface in space

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14
Q

binocular disparity

A

each eye provides different vewpoint resulting in different images on retina/ provide lateral offset ofr each eye but eyes can rotate to converge

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15
Q

monocular depth cues

A

shadows, interposition, image blur, atmosphereic cue

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16
Q

shadows

A

resoluve amigous depth in ball and shadow illusion

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17
Q

interposition

A

provideordinal depth cue

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18
Q

image blur

A

one gnome appears closer if blurred

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19
Q

atmospheric cue

A

scenery perceived farther because lower contrast

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20
Q

diplopia

A

perceive double images of ojbects at other depths

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21
Q

reichardt dector (pg 156)

A

responds to directional motion in human vision system

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22
Q

wagon wheel effect

A

a wheel with spokes may appear to be rotating in opposite direction depending on speed

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23
Q

motion detectors are…

A

local in the sense that a tiny portion of visual field causes each to activate

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24
Q

aperture problem

A

if too much of the moving body is blocked

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25
Q

vector field

A

global motions across a retina that assigns a velocity vector at every position

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26
Q

optical flow

A

global result that provides powerful cues for both object motion

27
Q

vection

A

powerful cues for self motion

28
Q

distinguishers of object motion from observer

A

saccadic suppression hides vision signals during movement, propioceptions, large scale motion

29
Q

stroboscopic apparent motion

A

motions seen are an illusion because sequence of still pictures is flashed onto a screen

30
Q

zoetrope

A

rotating drum with slits that allow each frame to be visible while drum rotates

31
Q

persistence of vision

A

images persist in the vision system during intervals in between frames causeing them to be perceived as continuous

32
Q

what is the slowest speed that stroboscopic apparent motion will work

A

10 frames per second

33
Q

two examples of motion perceived in a sequence of blinking lights rather than flashing frames

A

phi phenomenon and beta movement

34
Q

low frame rates lead to perceptible

A

flicker

35
Q

flicker

A

images rapidly fash on screen with black in between

36
Q

flicker fusion threshold

A

precise rates at which flicker is perceptible or causes fatigure dpends on fps, position on retina, age color intesnity/ limit pends on kind of display, siize specifications, how it is used and who is using it

37
Q

zipper effect

A

wave around an led so fast that eyes cant track it and flicker becomes perceptible as a zipper/ each time led pulses on it is imagd in a different place on the reitna

38
Q

judder

A

object appears to be wobbling from side to side with high frequency but small amplitude/ each feature is fixed on a screen for too long when it should be moving continuously

39
Q

low persistence

A

if screen is instead turned on for only one or two milliseconds for each frame and then made black during the remaining times then amount of reintal image slip is reduced

40
Q

function space

A

all set of possible distirbutions as a function of wavelength

41
Q

metamerism

A

matching colors from red green and blue components

42
Q

HSV

A

hue saturation value

43
Q

hue

A

perceived color

44
Q

saturation

A

purtiy of the color / how much energy is coming from wavelengths other than wavelength of hue

45
Q

value

A

brightness

46
Q

cie color standard

A

undistroed from perceptual perspective / two dimensional disregards birghtness

47
Q

trichromatic theory (young helmholtz theory)

A

mixtures of three colors to match any

48
Q

white light

A

even mixing three colors

49
Q

blakc light

A

0 of everything

50
Q

color constancy

A

our ability to perceive an object as having the same color over a wide variety of lighting conditions

51
Q

chromatic adaptation

A

results in a shift in perceived colors due to rpolonged exposure to specific colors

52
Q

lightness constnacy

A

overall birghtness levels appear to be unchanged even after lighting conditions are dramatically altered

53
Q

ration principle theory

A

ratio of reflectances between objets in scene are perceptually mainteined whereas overall amount reflected instesity not perceived

54
Q

gamma correction

A

enhance the amount of contrast over entire range

55
Q

bayes rule

A

specific specifies how prior beleifs should be updated in light of new observations to obtain posterior beliefs

56
Q

beliefs in bayes rule

A

probabilities

57
Q

conditional probability

A

if the probability takes into account info from previous information

58
Q

likelihood of a hypothesis proportional

A

to its frquency of occuring naturally, based on evoluaiton and the lifetime of experiences of person

59
Q

peak implies what

A

high confidence

60
Q

conditional independence / cognitivie bias

A

pg 173

61
Q

multistable perception

A

percetula system alternate between two or more conclusions

62
Q

bistable perception

A

case of two conclusions

63
Q

mcgurk effect

A

indicates power of integration by mixing visual and audtiory cues (reading someones lips from youtube)

64
Q

with vr and percpetion what are two cases of a popup menu

A

menu appraoches user or user is rushing up to the menu

Virtual Reality (14 decks)

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