Chapter 10

Question 1

what is sound

Answer 1

vibration of molecules in a medium

Question 2

4 properties of sound

Answer 2

attentuation (percentage per distance), speed, frequency, wavelength

Question 3

doppler effect

Answer 3

sounds or listeners are moving/ waves compressed for sounds towards but expanded for sounds moving away

Question 4

3 ways these sound wayves move

Answer 4

reflection, transmission, diffraction

Question 5

refelction of sound waves

Answer 5

sounds bounce back

Question 6

transmission of sound waves

Answer 6

sounds pass through

Question 7

diffraction of sound waves

Answer 7

sounds bend around corners

Question 8

what does a fourier analysis of sounds waves do

Answer 8

break any wave into sine waves

Question 9

what part of the ear decomposes sound into frequencis, amplitudes and phases

Answer 9

cochlea

Question 10

what is the precedence effect

Answer 10

same sound, different times, only one sound perceived - suppress reverberations, echoes

Question 11

equal loudness contours

Answer 11

low frequency sounds perceived quieter

Question 12

what does pitcch perception discrimination depend on

Answer 12

frequency

Question 13

what is critical band masking

Answer 13

suppression of nearby frequencies when one frequency is played

Question 14

missing fundamental is what

Answer 14

filling in- if higher harmonics are played, missing fundamental heard

Question 15

3 binaural cues

Answer 15

interaural time differnce - sound arrives at two ears at different times/ interaural loundess - loudness at two ears is idfferent (Acoustic shadowing)/ differences act as cues to azimuth

Question 16

cone of confusion

Answer 16

all location consisted with given interaural time difference

Question 17

4 monoaural cues

Answer 17

familiar loudness., frequency filter by pinna depend on eelvation, frequency filter by distance - hgih frequencies fade faster, reverberations tell about environment - echolocation