Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the cause of Candidiasis?

What are the two forms?

Answer 1

Candida albicans.

Yeast form is the innocuous form and hyphal form which invades host tissues.

Question 2

What is the most common oral fungal infection in humans?

Answer 2

Candidiasis caused by Candida albicans.

Question 3

What is a predisposistion for developing candidiasis?

Answer 3

Patient with HIV

Question 4

What are the 4 clinical patterns of candidiasis?

Answer 4

Psuedomembranous, Erythematous, Chronic hyperplastic, and Muccocutaneous.

Question 5

What are the 5 subcategories of erythematous candidiasis?

Answer 5

Median rhomboid glossitis, chronic multifocal, angular chelitis, denture stomatitis, and acute atrophic.

Question 6

What is the best recognized form of candidiasis and often referred to as thrush?

What is the indication if the underlying mucosa bleeds?

Answer 6

Pseudomembranous candidiasis.

If there is bleeding then there is likely another process occuring IE Lichen Planus.

Question 7

What are some things that may cause pseudomembranous candidiasis?

Answer 7

Antibiotics, impaired immune system, or inhalers.

Question 8

What are some characteristics of erythematous candidiasis?

Answer 8

There is no major white component, it is more common than pseudomembranous, and has the 5 sub types. (listed on another card)

Question 9

What is the term for a well demarcated erythematous zone affecting the midline, posterior dorsal tongue?

Answer 9

Median rhomboid glossitis, AKA central papillary atrophy. Erythema is due to loss of filiform papillae.

Question 10

What is the term when a patient presents with median rhomboid glossitis and signs of infection at other sites?

Answer 10

Chronis multifocal candidiasis.

Question 11

What causes angular cheilitis?

Answer 11

Accentuated folds at the corners of the mouth where saliva can pool. Often in older patients with reduced vertical dimension.

Question 12

What are the three etiologies of angular cheilitis?

Answer 12

C. albicans- 20%

S. aureus- 20%

Combination of both- 60%

Question 13

What is the term when angular cheilitis involves more of the perioral skin?

Answer 13

Cheilocandidiasis.

Question 14

What is the term for candidiasis in denture wearing patients?

Answer 14

Denture stomatitis or chronic atrophic candidiasis. Remember to treat soft tissue and denture.

Question 15

What is the form of candidiasis that follows the course of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Answer 15

Acute atrophic candidiasis. Mouth feels like liquid scalded it. Diffuse loss of filiform papillae.

Question 16

What is the form of candidiasis that will not rub off?

Where will it most commonly occur?

Answer 16

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis AKA candidial leukoplakia.

Least common form of candidiasis.

Forms on buccal mucosa.

Question 17

What is the most common systemic fungal infection in the US?

What is it caused by?

Answer 17

Histoplasmosis

Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.

Question 18

What is the organism that is found in bird and bat excretment?

Where is it endemic and why?

Answer 18

Histoplasma capsulatum.

Endemic in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley because the birds and bats in area

Question 19

What causes Blastomycosis and what are some characteristics of it?

Answer 19

Blastomyces dermatitidis. It is an uncommon disease found in eastern areas of the US and into Canada.

Question 20

What causes pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and why is it a concern?

Answer 20

It is a benign reaction of the epithelium caused by blastomycosis and is a concern because it can look like cancer to the untrained eye.

Question 21

What causes paracoccidioidomycosis?

Why is it more common in men?

What is the pathogenic form?

Answer 21

Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and found in the 9 banded armadillo.

Occurs more often in men because beta-estradiol inhibits transformation of hyphal form to the pathogenic yeast form.

Question 22

What is the infection that often has the “mariner’s wheel” look?

Answer 22

Blastomyces dermatitidis.

Question 23

What causes Coccidioidomycosis?

What is another name for it?

Answer 23

Caused by Coccidioides immitis that is a saprophytic organism.

Also called San Joaquin Valley Fever.

Question 24

What is Erythema nodosum and what is it caused by?

Answer 24

It is an infection of Coccidioides immitis that affects the legs characterized by multiple, painful inflammatory nodules called Valley Fever when in conjunction with Coccidioidomycosis.

Question 25

What is the organism that lives in pigeon poop?

Answer 25

Cryptococcus neoformans.

Question 26

What is the characteristic that protects Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 26

Prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule.

Question 27

What type of people are the most common to get Zygomycosis infections?

Answer 27

Diabetics.

Question 28

What does the rhinocerebral infection of zygomycosis cause?

Answer 28

It is the infection of the nose and brain that can lead to death. This is the most important to the oral health care provider.

Question 29

Where does the zygomycosis organism like to reside the most?

Answer 29

In the blood vessels.

Question 30

What does the noninvasive form of aspergillosis cause?

Answer 30

Allergic reaction affecting the sinuses

Question 31

What is a large mass of aspergillosis fungal hyphae called?

Answer 31

Aspergilloma

Question 32

What is the likely Dx? Hint: can be wipped off, symptoms are mild burning

Answer 32

Pseudomembranous candidiasis.

Question 33

What is the likely Dx?

Answer 33

Angular Cheilitis.

Question 34

What is the likely Dx?

Answer 34

Cheilocandidiasis.

Question 35

What is the likely Dx?

Answer 35

Denture Stomatitis.