Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is the cause of Candidiasis?
What are the two forms?
Candida albicans.
Yeast form is the innocuous form and hyphal form which invades host tissues.
What is the most common oral fungal infection in humans?
Candidiasis caused by Candida albicans.
What is a predisposistion for developing candidiasis?
Patient with HIV
What are the 4 clinical patterns of candidiasis?
Psuedomembranous, Erythematous, Chronic hyperplastic, and Muccocutaneous.
What are the 5 subcategories of erythematous candidiasis?
Median rhomboid glossitis, chronic multifocal, angular chelitis, denture stomatitis, and acute atrophic.
What is the best recognized form of candidiasis and often referred to as thrush?
What is the indication if the underlying mucosa bleeds?
Pseudomembranous candidiasis.
If there is bleeding then there is likely another process occuring IE Lichen Planus.
What are some things that may cause pseudomembranous candidiasis?
Antibiotics, impaired immune system, or inhalers.
What are some characteristics of erythematous candidiasis?
There is no major white component, it is more common than pseudomembranous, and has the 5 sub types. (listed on another card)
What is the term for a well demarcated erythematous zone affecting the midline, posterior dorsal tongue?
Median rhomboid glossitis, AKA central papillary atrophy. Erythema is due to loss of filiform papillae.
What is the term when a patient presents with median rhomboid glossitis and signs of infection at other sites?
Chronis multifocal candidiasis.
What causes angular cheilitis?
Accentuated folds at the corners of the mouth where saliva can pool. Often in older patients with reduced vertical dimension.
What are the three etiologies of angular cheilitis?
C. albicans- 20%
S. aureus- 20%
Combination of both- 60%
What is the term when angular cheilitis involves more of the perioral skin?
Cheilocandidiasis.
What is the term for candidiasis in denture wearing patients?
Denture stomatitis or chronic atrophic candidiasis. Remember to treat soft tissue and denture.
What is the form of candidiasis that follows the course of broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Acute atrophic candidiasis. Mouth feels like liquid scalded it. Diffuse loss of filiform papillae.
What is the form of candidiasis that will not rub off?
Where will it most commonly occur?
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis AKA candidial leukoplakia.
Least common form of candidiasis.
Forms on buccal mucosa.
What is the most common systemic fungal infection in the US?
What is it caused by?
Histoplasmosis
Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
What is the organism that is found in bird and bat excretment?
Where is it endemic and why?
Histoplasma capsulatum.
Endemic in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley because the birds and bats in area
What causes Blastomycosis and what are some characteristics of it?
Blastomyces dermatitidis. It is an uncommon disease found in eastern areas of the US and into Canada.
What causes pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and why is it a concern?
It is a benign reaction of the epithelium caused by blastomycosis and is a concern because it can look like cancer to the untrained eye.
What causes paracoccidioidomycosis?
Why is it more common in men?
What is the pathogenic form?
Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and found in the 9 banded armadillo.
Occurs more often in men because beta-estradiol inhibits transformation of hyphal form to the pathogenic yeast form.
What is the infection that often has the “mariner’s wheel” look?
Blastomyces dermatitidis.
What causes Coccidioidomycosis?
What is another name for it?
Caused by Coccidioides immitis that is a saprophytic organism.
Also called San Joaquin Valley Fever.
What is Erythema nodosum and what is it caused by?
It is an infection of Coccidioides immitis that affects the legs characterized by multiple, painful inflammatory nodules called Valley Fever when in conjunction with Coccidioidomycosis.
What is the organism that lives in pigeon poop?
Cryptococcus neoformans.
What is the characteristic that protects Cryptococcus neoformans?
Prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule.
What type of people are the most common to get Zygomycosis infections?
Diabetics.
What does the rhinocerebral infection of zygomycosis cause?
It is the infection of the nose and brain that can lead to death. This is the most important to the oral health care provider.
Where does the zygomycosis organism like to reside the most?
In the blood vessels.
What does the noninvasive form of aspergillosis cause?
Allergic reaction affecting the sinuses
What is a large mass of aspergillosis fungal hyphae called?
Aspergilloma
What is the likely Dx? Hint: can be wipped off, symptoms are mild burning
Pseudomembranous candidiasis.
What is the likely Dx?
Angular Cheilitis.
What is the likely Dx?
Cheilocandidiasis.
What is the likely Dx?
Denture Stomatitis.
