Chapter 13 Flashcards
What is the general term for a decrease in volume of RBC?
Anemia
What is the defenition of hematocrit?
Volume of RBCs.
What are some of the oral symptoms of anemia?
Palor, bald tongue, pain and burning localized to the tongue.
What is a hematologic disorder characterized by a markedly decrease number of circulating blood platelets?
What is an oral manifestation of this?
Thrombocytopenia.
Palatal petechiea.
What is a normal platelet count?
200,000-400,000/mm3
At what platelet count level will you have clinical evidence of thrombocytopenia?
When count is below 100,000/mm3
How is thrombocytopenia often first detected?
From the oral lesions.
What is the pattern for the pooling of blood in the skin?
Petechiae–> purpura–> ecchymosis–> hematoma.
What blood count is considered severe thrombocytopenia?
10,000 platelets/mm3
What are the two special types of thromboytopenia? Describe them.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP): Occurs in childhood, classically after a viral infection.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP): Serious disorder of coagulation and is probably due to endothelial damage.
What is the term for enlargment of lymphoid tissue?
What causes it?
Lymphoid hyperplasia.
Typically due to an infection.
What is the likely Dx?
Lymphoid hyperplasia.
What is the likely Dx?
Lymphoid hyperplasia.
What is agranulocytosis referring to?
What are the two subcategories?
Being without granulocytes, usually neutrophils.
Neutropenia and lymphopenia.
What is a malignancy of hematopoietic stem cell origin?
Leukemia.
What are the classifications of leukemia?
Myeloid vs Lymphoid(lymphoblastic).
Acute vs Chronic.
What is the significance of chronic myeloid leukemia?
It has a translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 termed Philadelphia chromosome.
What are some of the factors that may lead to leukemia?
Exposure to pesticides, benzene, or ionizing radiation.
What is a common childhood malignancy?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
What is the most common type of leukemia?
Chonic lymphocytic leukemia.
What is the clinical depiction of leukemia that has spread to the oral soft tissues?
Boggy/doughy, non-tender swelling termed granulocytic sarcoma.
Where are langerhans cells typically found?
Epidermis, mucosa, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
What is the likely Dx?
Leukemia.
What are the spectrums of langerhans cell histiocytosis?
Eosinophilic granuloma of bone: One or multiple lesions, no visceral involvement.
Acute dusseminated histiocytosis: Disease involves bone, skin, and viscera, mostly in infants (Letterer-Siwe disease), more prominent involvement.
Chronic disseminated histiocytosis: Disease involves bone, skin, and viscera (Hand-Schuller-Christian disease).
Where are most lesions of langerhans histiocytosis found?
Skull, ribs, vertebrae, mandible.
What is the likely Dx?
Langerhans histiocytosis.
What is the term for a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
What is the term for the neoplastic cells of hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells (owl eye nuclei).
What virus is hodgkin’s lymphoma linked to?
What percent of Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs in the head and neck region?
Epstein-Barr virus.
75%.
What is the most common type of lymphoma of the oral cavity?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, more specifically diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
What is the name for the T-cell lymphoma that resembles a fungal infection?
Mycosis Fungoides
What is the most common cutaneous lymphoma?
Mycosis Fungoides.
What is the syndrome that is an aggressive expression of mycosis fungoides that represents dermapathic T-cell leukemia?
Sezary syndrome.
What is the term for a malignancy of B-cell origin?
Where was it first documented?
Burkitt’s Lymphoma.
In african children thus termed African Burkitt’s lymphoma.
What is the virus associated with Burkitt’s Lymphoma?
EBV
What is the histology of Burkitt’s Lymphoma?
“Starry-sky” pattern due to macrophages.
What is another name for angiocentric T-cell Lymphoma?
NK/T-cell Lymphoma.
What is the term for a rare process that is characterized by an aggressive, non-relenting destruction of the midline structures of the palate and nsal process?
NK/T-cell lymphoma.
What are the three things we have learned so far that will cause a hole in the mouth?
NK/T-cell lymphoma, Syphilis, coccain.
What is the likely Dx?
NK/T-cell Lymphoma. Notice it is the hard palate.
What is the term for a malignancy of plasma cell origin?
Multiple Myeloma.
What is the most common hematologic malignancy of african americans?
Multiple Myeloma.
What is the most common presenting symptom of multiple myeloma?
Bone pain.
What are the proteins in the urine associted with multiple myeloma?
Bence Jones proteins.
What is a unifocal, monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells?
Plasmacytoma.
