Chapter 1 Flashcards
How does the upper lip form?
Medial nasal processes merge together as well as maxillary processes.
What percent of cleft lips are unilateral?
80%
What is the lip rule of 10?
Referring to when a cleft is fixed. It is 10 wks, 10 lbs, 10 gm %HM
What is the minimal manifestation of CP?
Bifid uvula
What are the occurrence rates of CP CL developmental cases?
45% are CP+CL. 30% CP only. 25% CL only.
What percent of syndromic clefting are CP only?
50%
What are the three things associated with Pierre Robin Sequence?
CP, mandibular micrognathia, Glossoptosis (downward displacement)
How does a lateral facial cleft form?
Lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes.
What are the 4 prevalence groups of orofacial clefts?
Native Americans: 1 in 250 Asians: 1 in 300 Caucasians: 1 in 700 African Americans: 1 in 1500
What is a submucous palatal cleft?
Cleft formed in the bone, but the overlying epithelium is intact. Leaves a bluish midline
What are the mucosal invaginations that occur at the corner of the mouth at the vermilion border?
Commissural lip pits
What is the most common form of syndromic clefting and how does it present? What else can it cause?
Van der Woude syndrome. Presents with CL+CP. Paramedian lip pits.
What are the signs of Ascher Syndrome?
Double lip. Blepharochalasis (eyelid edema). Nontoxic thyroid enlargement.
What is the name for ectopic sebaceous glands?
Fordyce Granules. Appear as yellow or yellow-white papular lesions
What is this?
Fordyce Granules
What is this? How is it easily diagnosed?
Leukodemia. If you strech the cheek the white lines will disappear. They will also not rub off.
What is aglossia frequently associated with?
Micrognathia
What are the three most common things that cause macroglossia?
Vascular malformations, muscular hypertrophy, and angioedema.
What syndrome is macroglossia associated with?
Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome. Have increased risk for several childhood tumors.
How does lingual thyroid form?
If primitive gland does not descend normally, ectopic thyroid can be found between the foramen cecum and epiglottis.
What are some symptoms of fissured tongue?
Possible mild burning or bad breath. Also has a strong association with geographic tongue.
What is another name for geographic tongue?
What is it called when it is not on the tongue?
Benign migratory glossitis.
Erythema migrans.
How is hairy tongue characterized?
Accumulation of keratin on the filliform papilla of dorsal tongue.
What are varicosities? What are they called when they are calcified?
Superficial dilated veins on ventral surface of tongue.
Phlebolith.
What is this?
A caliber persistent artery. It is a main arterial branch that extends up into the superficial submucosal tissues without a reduction in its diameter.
What happens with coronoid hyperplasia?
Results in the limitation of mandibular movement. Mandible will deviate to affected side.
What happens with condylar hyperplasia?
It is self-limiting excessive growth of one of the condyles. Deviation toward the opposite side.
What are the two forms of tori?
Torus palatinus- Occur at the midline of hard palate
Torus mandibularis- Develope along the lingual aspect of the mandible
What are the three types of exostosis?
Buccal- bilateral along facial of alveolar ridge
Palatal- Develope from the lingual aspect of the maxillary tuberosities
Solitary- unilateral
What is a Stafne defect and where will it occur?
It is a lingual, mandibular salivary gland depression and will occur below the alveolar nerve.
What is Eagle’s syndrome? What are some of the symptoms?
It is a calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Symptoms may be vague facial pain while swallowing, turning the head, or opening the mouth and pressure is added on carotid artery. Can cause headache, dizziness, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and dysphonia (difficulty speaking).
What is the definition of a cyst?
Pathologic cavity lined by epithelium that is typically fluid-filled
What are the two forms of newborn palatal cysts and how do they present?
Epstein’s pearls- Occur along the median palatal raphae and occur from entrapped epithlium
Bohn’s nodules- Scattered all over the hard palate, usually near the junction of soft palate. Occur from epithelial remnants from minor salivary glands.
What is a nasolabial cyst?
It is a swelling of the upper lip, lateral to the midline, resulting in elevation of the ala of the nose. Arises from epithelial remnants.
What is this?
Epstein’s pearls
What is this?
Nasolabial cyst
What are Globulomaxillary Radiolucencies?
They were thought to be a cyst, but now know as periapical cyst.
What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity?
Nasopalatine duct cyst
What is the upper limit for the normal size of the incisive foramen?
6mm
What is the term for a well circumscribed radiolucency in/near the midline of anterior maxilla, between and apical to central incisors?
Nasopalatine duct cyst
What is the term for a nasopalatine duct cyst if it only presents within the soft tissues?
Cyst of the incisive papilla.
What is the type of cyst that arise after localized inflammation of the hair follicle and has no associated structures?
Epidermoid cyst (80% of follicular cysts of the skin). Occur in acne prone areas.
What is the type of cyst lined by epidermis-like epithelium and contains dermal adnexal structures(hair sebaceous gland, and erector pili muscle) in the cyst wall?
Where will it occur?
Dermoid Cyst. Will occur at the midline as a submucosal, flucuant swelling
What is the type of cyst that will occur on the scalp and is derived from hair follicle?
Pilar cyst. (15%)
What is the type of cyst that develops from epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract?
How will they present?
Thyroglossal duct cyst.
at or near midline, usually inferior to hyoid bone.
What is this?
Lymphoepithelial cyst
What is the type of cyst that is found in the floor of mouth, ventral tongue, and soft palate that contains lymphoid aggrerates?
Lymphoepithelial cysts. Note: they will be in areas of tonsils usually.
What is the type of cyst that will show germinal centers and occurs along the lateral neck along anterior border of SCM?
Branchial cleft cyst
What is Hemihyperplasia?
Assymetric overgrowth of one or more body parts. IE Macroglossia.
What is this?
Branchial Cleft Cyst.
What is progressive hemifacial atrophy?
What disease often causes it?
What may it be similar to?
Atrophy affecting one side of the face.
Often caused by lyme disease.
May be similar to scleroderma.
What is the term for painless, unilateral enlargement of the maxillary bone, along with overgrowth of overlying gingiva?
Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
Note: will have one or both of maxillary premolars with be missing.
What is this?
Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
What is the term for premature closing of the cranial sutures?
What syndromes is it associated with?
Craniosynostosis. Often assocociated with Crouzon Syndrome and Craniofacial Dysostosis. Radiograph will have beaten metal pattern.
What is the name of the deformity for the clover leaf shape in severe cases of craniosynostosis?
Kleebatt-schadel derformity.
What are the 4 presentations of Apert Syndrome?
Ocular proptosis
Hypertelorism(eyes spread apart)
Downward slant lateral palpebral fissures
Syndactyl (webbed digits)
What are the 3 presentations of treacher-collins syndrome?
Hypoplastic zygoma
Colomba (notch on outer portion of lower eyelid)
Underdeveloped mandible
How could you diagnose the patient?
Apert syndrome
