Chapter 17 Flashcards
What is the condition that results from excess bilirubin in the bloodstream that begins to accumulate in the tissues resulting in a yellowish discoloration?
Jaundice
What is the syndrome that is associated with impaired processing of bilirubin by the liver?
Gilbert syndrome
What are the areas more predominately associated with jaundice?
Sclera, lingual frenum, and soft palate.
What is the group of conditions characterized by deposition of extracellular, proteinaceous substance termed amyloid?
Amyloidosis.
What are the classifications of amyloidosis?
Organ limited, Systemic primary, Systemic secondary, Hemodialysis-associated, and Heredofamilial.
What are the features of organ limited amyloidosis?
Can occur in a variety of organs, but rarely seen in the oral cavity. No association with any systemic infection.
What are the features of primary systemic amyloidosis?
Same as myeloma associated, affects older adults, 20% due to multiple myeloma, develops into carpal tunnel syndrome, mucocutaneous lesions, hepatomegaly, and macroglossia. Skin lesions appear as smooth-surfaced, firm, waxy papules and plaques. Most commonly affected areas: eyelid, neck, and lips.
What are the features of systemic secondary amyloidosis?
Develops due to inflammation such as TB, sarcoidosis, or osteomyelitis.
What are the features of hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis?
Protein isn’t removed by dialysis, so it accumulates in plasma.
What are the features of heredofamilial amyloidosis?
AD inherited. Patients have polyneuropathies.
Details for Vitamin A:
AKA Retinol, used for vision.
Details for Vitamin B1:
AKA Thiamin. Maintain proper function of neurons. Leads to Beriberi.
Details for Vitamin B2:
AKA Riboflavin, Used for cellular oxidation, insufficiency leads to angular cheilitis and glossitis.
Details for Vitamin B3:
AKA Niacin, Insufficiency leads to Pellagra which is dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.
Details for Vitamin B6:
AKA Pyridoxine, participates in AA sythensis.
Details for Vitamin C:
AKA Ascorbic acid, Collegen synthesis, cause of scurvy
Details for Vitamin D:
Considered a hormone, Leads to Rickets and Osteomalacia.
Details for Vitamin E:
AKA Alpha-tocopherol, antioxidant.
Details for Vitamin K:
Clotting agent with factors II, VII, IX, and X.
What is the most common cause of anemia in the U.S. and the world?
Iron Deficiency Anemia
What are the oral manifestations of iron deficiency anemia?
Angular cheilitis, atrophic glossitis.
What are the manifestations of Plummer-vinson syndrome?
Iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis, dysphagia.
What causes pernicious anemia and what is the oral manifestation?
Poor absorption of cobalamin(B12).
Atrophic glossitis.
What is the difference between gigantism and acromegaly?
What are the different oral manifestations in each?
Gigantism is when the excessive groeth occurs prior to puberty and acromegaly is after puberty.
Gigantism will have macrodontia while acromegaly will have prognathism and macroglossia.
What are the two forms of hypothyroidism covered in class and when do they present?
Cretinism: Infancy
Myxedema: Adulthood
What are some of the oral manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus?
Periodontal disease, delayed healing, increased infections, zygomcosis (poorly controlled), parotid gland enlargement.
What blood cell dysfunction is present in diabetes?
Neutrophils.
What is the term for an inflammatory and immunologically mediated condition of unknown case?
Crohn’s disease.
What are the GI signs of Crohn’s disease?
Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, pain, nausea, and fever.
What are some of the oral lesions seen with crohns disease?
Diffuse nodular swellings, cobblestone appearance of oral mucosa, linear ulcerations of the buccal mucosa, pyostomatitis vegitans.
