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Radiography > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q 
Steps or CR=
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Expose
  2. Stimulate
  3. Read
  4. Erase
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2
Q

(CR) After plate is exposed to X-rays ____ of meta stable electrons relax (EXPOSE)

A

50%

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3
Q

IP is put in plate reader and __1__ passes over remaining metastable excited electrons to stabilize them. They give off __2__ when they relax/stabilize (“__3__”).

A
  1. Neon Laser
  2. LIGHT
  3. Stimulate
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4
Q

Collects light for IP and sends it to Analog-To-Digital Convertor (ADC) which then goes to computer (“Read”).

A

Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)

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5
Q

________ passes over IP to stabilize any remaining exited electrons and clear any remaining image (“Erase”).

A

Intense White Light

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6
Q

Exposed IPs should be processed within _____ because latent image starts to fade.

A

1 hour

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7
Q

Spatial resolution is __1__ with increased sampling frequency, increased number of smaller pixels, smaller __2__, and smaller __3__.

A
  1. Increase
  2. Pixel pitch
  3. Sampling pitch
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8
Q

CR plates can be read approx. _____ before they need to be replaced

A

10,000 times

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9
Q

DR combines __1__ capture and __2__ readout so images are available almost instantly after exposure.

A
  1. Image

2. Image

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10
Q

DR is more __1__ and __2__ than CR

A
  1. Expensive

2. Fragile

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11
Q

Made with layers in order to receive xray photons and convert them to electrical charges for storage and readout

A

Flat Panel Detectors

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12
Q

Layers of Flat Panel Detectors

  1. First Layer=
  2. Second Layer=__A__ array which is divided into square detector elements (DELs), each with a __B__ to store electrical charges and switching transistor for readout to be sent to __C__
A
  1. X-Ray Convertor
  2. A: Thin Film Transistor (TFT)
    B: Capacitor
    C: ADC
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13
Q
  1. Can DR systems be permanently mounted?
  2. Can DR be available as mobile?
  3. Name two ways images are transmitted to the screen
A
  1. Yes
  2. Yes
  3. Umbilical cord or wireless
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14
Q

Which has the more superior spatial resolution?

A

DR

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15
Q

Indirect DR uses a scintillator like __1__ or __2__ to convert exit radiation into visible light, which is converted to __3__ charges by photodetector a (layer of __4__)

A
  1. Cesium Iodide (CsI)
  2. Gadolinium Oxysulfide
  3. Electrical
  4. Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
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16
Q

Indirect (__1__ with __2__)&raquo_space; XRay&raquo_space; __3__&raquo_space; Electrical Charge

A
  1. A-Si
  2. CsI
  3. Light
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17
Q

Direct DR uses _____ to convert X-rays directly into electrical charges.

A

Amorphous Selenium

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18
Q

Direct (__1__)&raquo_space; XRay&raquo_space; __2__

A
  1. A-Se

2. Electrical Charge

19
Q

Ability of detector to capture accurately the range of photon intensities exiting patient

A

Dynamic Range

20
Q

Digital IRs have a much larger exposure ______ than film screen (analog)

A

Latitude

21
Q

Image ____ occurs during post processing to help produce images with appropriate grayscale appearance.

A

RESCALING

22
Q

If IR is UNDEREXPOSED (“__1__” too high), __2__ will result

A
  1. S

2. Quantum Mottle/Noise

23
Q

If IR is overexposed then the “S” number is too __1__ and __2__ will occur

A
  1. Low

2. Dose Creep

24
Q

Always follow the ______ concept

A

ALARA

25
Q

Increased ________ results in improved image quality ( increased signal and decreased noise)

A

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

26
Q

Two types of film screen IRs (Analog)

A

Regular cassettes or Extremity Cassettes

27
Q 
Regular Cassettes
1. How many intensifying screens?
2. Type(s) of film
Extremity Cassettes
3. How many intensifying screens? 
4. Types of film?
A
  1. Two
  2. Duplitized or Double Emulsion Film
  3. One
  4. Single Emulsion
28
Q 
Regular Cassettes
1. Pt. Dose
2. Detail
Extremity Cassettes
3. Pt. Dose
4. Detail
A
  1. Decreased
  2. Decreased
  3. Increased
  4. Increased
29
Q

Film base=__1__ (usually __2__ to decrease eye strain). Film Emulsion=Silver __3__ suspended in __4__. Supercoat=protects __5__ layer.

A
  1. Polyester
  2. Tinted blue
  3. Halide crystals
  4. Gelatin
  5. Emulsion
30
Q

Is most widely believed to explain latent image formation on film

A

Gurney-Mott Theory

31
Q

CR uses BARIUM __1__ CRYSTALS dope with __2__ for photostimulable phosphor (__3__)

A
  1. Flourohalide
  2. Europium
  3. PSP
32
Q

High KV:

  1. _____ scale
  2. _____ contrast
  3. _____ latitude
  4. _____ colors
  5. _____ pt. dose
  6. _____ scatter
  7. _____ penetration
A
  1. Short
  2. Low
  3. Wide
  4. Many
  5. Decreased
  6. Increased
  7. Good
33
Q

Low KV:

  1. ____ scale
  2. ____ contrast
  3. ____ latitude
  4. ____ colors
  5. ____ pt. dose
  6. ____ scatter
  7. _____ penetration
A
  1. Short
  2. High
  3. Narrow
  4. Few
  5. Increased
  6. Decreased
  7. Poor
34
Q

Matching light sensitivity of lim to color being given of by screen phosphors.

A

Spectral matching

35
Q

Calcium Tungstate gives off _____ colored lights

A

Blue

36
Q

Rare earth gives off

A

Green light

37
Q

Purpose of screens is to __1__ at is of X-rays to __2__ pt. dose. Faster screen=__3__ detail

A
  1. Intensify
  2. Decrease
  3. Decreased
38
Q

__1__ or active layer of screens is most important because it absorbs X-rays and converts them to __2__

A
  1. Phosphor

2. Light

39
Q

__1__ of density on a radiograph is from light; __2__ is rom direct action of X-rays

A
  1. 90-99%

2. 1-10%

40
Q

Intrinsic factor that affect screen speed:

  1. Phosphor size: Large=_____
  2. Phosphor type: ____ is faster than CT
  3. Active layer thickness: Thicker=_____
  4. Reflective layer:_____
  5. Light Absorbing Dye: ____
A
  1. Fast
  2. RE
  3. Faster
  4. Faster
  5. Slower
41
Q

If you double the screen speed, you do what to the mAs?

A

Cut in half

42
Q

If you cut the screen speed in half, you do what to the mAs?

A

Double it

43
Q

Thin sheet of lead foil on the back of the cassette is to

A

Prevent backscatter

Radiography (9 decks)

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