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Radiography > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Two factors affecting amount of scatter reaching IR:
A. kVp=controls __1__ - Increased kVp&raquo_space; Increased __2__
B. Volume of tissue - Increased tissue thickness&raquo_space; Increased __3__.

A
  1. Scatter
  2. Scatter
  3. Scatter
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2
Q

As collimation decreases (__1__ field size)=__2__ production of scatter and __3__ pt. doses it’s decreased contrast/__4__ density.

A
  1. Increased
  2. Increased
  3. Increased
  4. Increased
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3
Q

As collimation increases (__1__ field size)=__2__ production of scatter and __3__ pt. dose with increased contrast/__4__ density.

A
  1. Decreased
  2. Decreased
  3. Decreased
  4. Decreased
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4
Q

First step in pt. protection?

A

OPTIMUM COLLIMATION

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5
Q

Significant COLLIMATION may require an increase in _______

A

MAS

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6
Q

There is _____ unsharpness on the anode side of the tube.

A

Less

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7
Q

Simplest type of collimator. Piece of lead with a hole in it. NOT variable and not used often.

A

Aperture Diaphragm

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8
Q

Cone=shaped like a __1__ and correlates to divergent of beam.
Cylinder=shaped like a __2__ and can extend down. Used mostly for __3__, though not used much anymore. ___4___ are better than __5__. Are __6__ variable.

A
  1. Megaphone
  2. Tube
  3. Skull work
  4. Cylinders
  5. Cones
  6. NOT
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9
Q

Best type of variable beam restricting device. Two sets of adjustable lead shutters and a light source for centering.

A

Box-Type Collimator

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10
Q

NCRP says COLLIMATION must be wishing ______ of the SID

A

+/- 2%

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11
Q

Nine Penny Test checks ______.

A

COLLIMATION

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12
Q

PBL/AC only used with __1__ due to sensors located there. It was a law (__2__) that all manufactured equipment have them, but no longer a law, although most manufactures still include it.
Can be overrode with a __3__, but not suggested. Can increase __4__ when it is on (“__5__”), but no larger than IR.

A
  1. Bucky
  2. 8/1/74-1994
  3. Key
  4. Collimation
  5. Cone down
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13
Q

__1__ invented the stationary grid in 1913. Typically used if part is __2__ or thicker & __3__ kVp or above. Does NOT decrease production of scatter, but does increase __4__ and __5__.

A
  1. Gustave Bucky
  2. 10cm.
  3. 60
  4. Contrast
  5. Pt. Dose
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14
Q

Grid Ratio=

A

Height of Pb strips/Distance between Pb Strips

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15
Q

Interspace get materials can be __1__ or __2__.

A
  1. Organic

2. Inorganic

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16
Q

Scatter is a result of __1__, which results from an interaction with an __2__ Shell Electron. End Results=Compton or __3__ X Ray Photon. __4__ color on radiograph.

A
  1. Compton
  2. Outter
  3. Weakened
  4. Gray
17
Q

Grid Frequency=number of __1__ lines/inch or cm. Typically __2__ Pb lines/in (25-45 Pb/cm)

A
  1. Pb

2. 60-110

18
Q

5: 1=__1__
6: 1=__2__
8: 1=__3__
12: 1=__4__
16: 1=__5__

A
  1. 75%
  2. 85%
  3. 90%
  4. 95%
  5. 98%
19
Q

Grid Conversion Formula (GCF)»mAs1/__1__=__2__/__3__

A
  1. MAs2
  2. GCF 1
  3. GCF 2
20
Q

Linear Grids=__1__ lines run in one direction only (__2__). Used most often. Can angle __3__ or __4__ but not ACROSS grid lines.

A
  1. Pb
  2. Head to toe
  3. Cephalic
  4. Caudal
21
Q

Pb lines run at right angle to one another. Cannot angle in any direction. MOST restrictive.

A

Crossed or Cross Hatch

22
Q

These grids have Pb lines parallel to one another and have no set focusing distance.

A

Parallel or Non-Focused

23
Q

Angled lead lines to use in a specific focusing distance

A

Focused Grids

24
Q

Where points converge in space from a focused grid.

A

Convergent Point

25
Q

Lay on top of IR; usually taped to IR

A

Wafer/Stationary Grid

26
Q

Who invented the moving grid?

A

Hollis Potter

27
Q 
Movement of a moving grid includes 
1. 
2.
3.
4. 
NOT \_\_5\_\_
A
  1. Reciprocating
  2. Recipromatic
  3. Oscillating
  4. Single-Stroke/Sling Shot
  5. Elliptical (tomorrow tube travel pattern)
28
Q

Grids increase contrast by

A

Absorbing scatter

29
Q

Grids do what to pt. Dose and why

A

Increase because mAs is increased to maintain density.

30
Q

Grid to Non-Grid you _____

A

Divide

31
Q

Non grid to grid you _______

A

Multiply

32
Q

Upside down focused grid cut-off=complete __1__ grid cut off (acceptable density in center with no exposure on __2__).

A
  1. Peripheral

2. Outer Edges

Radiography (9 decks)

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