Chapter 6 Flashcards
A person with Down syndrome has: Insufficient X chromosome Too many X or Y chromosome An incorrect number of chromosomes Too few chromosomes
An incorrect number of chromosomes
A lethal gene is a gene that: Is dominant Is sex-linked Is incompletely dominant Causes the death of the offspring
Causes the death of the offspring
An organism that develops as a result of parthenogenesis: Haploid Diploid Triploid Monosomic
Haploid
A certain strain of fruit flies raised at 25 degrees Celsius has curly wings. If they are permitted to breed at 16 degrees Celsius, wings of the offspring (F1) will be straight. If these offspring are returned to 25 degrees Celsius and allowed to breed, the next generation (F2) will curly wings. This is an example of:
A somatic mutation
A germ mutation
The influence of the environment on genetic traits
Chromosomal mutations
The influence of the environment on genetic traits
An advantage of growing Triploid fruits is that they are often: Larger Seedless Stronger All of the above
All of the above
The absence of a chromosome or the presence of an extra chromosome in a genome is called: Trisomy Monosomy Aneuploidy Gene syndrome
Aneuploidy
A change in a characteristic can be passed on naturally to future generations only when it is in the form of a: Homozygous trait Somatic mutation Germ mutation Lethal trait
Germ mutation
Down syndrome is the result of a human: Haploid condition Tetraploid condition Triploid condition Aneuploidy condition
Aneuploid condition
Point mutations cannot be caused by: Substitution Deletion Addition Translocation
Translocation
Triploids are usually sterile because:
The 3 homologous chromosomes do not line up in pairs during meiosis
They were not formed from gamets and thus do not have the ability to make gametes
The third homologue prevents successful replications
They lack sufficient sex chromosomes to form gametes
The three homologous chromosomes do not line up in pairs during meiosis
Translocation involves the:
Exchange of genes on the ends of homologous chromosomes
Exchange of genes on the ends of nonhomologous chromosomes
Development of sex-limited characteristics as the organism matures
Somatic mutation of germ cells
Exchange of genes on the ends of nonhomologous chromosomes
Which of the following is a current method of genetic screening? Analysis of prospective parents Analysis of the unborn Analysis of the newborn All of the above
All of the above
Down syndrome usually results from: Nondisjunction Parthenogenesis Sex-limited trait Somatic mutations
Nondisjunction
A gene mutation involves: Only the cells which form gametes Any cell except those which form gametes The sequence of genes on a chromosome Altering the sequence of DNA bases
Altering the sequence of DNA bases
Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that perform all of the following except:
Increase cell division
Prevent uncontrolled cell division
Affect the synthesis of certain growth factors
Work with tumor suppressor genes to regulate the cell cycle
Prevent uncontrolled cell division
Which of the following indicates a tetraploid condition: 2n+16 n+n=16 4n=16 3n=16
4n=16
All the genes present in a given population are known as the gene: Pool Frequency Sampling Combination
Pool
Variations:
Are the natural differences between organisms from the same gene pool
Are expressed only in the homozygous condition
Include those organisms that proceed from one gene pool to another
Are determined by an individual somatic mutations
The natural differences between organisms from the same gene pool
Removing fluid surrounding the unborn child for analysis is: In vitro fertilization Chorionic villus sampling Amniocentesis Heterosis
Amniocentesis
The activation of a gene resulting in its transcription and the production of specific substances is called gene: Expression Morphogenesis Differentiations Presentation
Expression
T/f
A haploid gamete contains the complete genome for that organism.
False
T/f
Under normal conditions the environment does not alter one’s genes, but the environment may affect the expression of one’s genes
True
T/f
Somatic mutations usually produce an odd protein, which either kills the cell or has no effect on the cell. These results have any major effect on a multicellular organism.
True
T/f
Most genetic disorders can be cured, and those that are in table can be treated
False
T/f
A germ mutation usually has a very little effort on the multicellular organism in which the mutation initially occurs
True
T/f
A genome and gene pool are the same thing
False
T/f
Hybridization is the cross breeding of two genetically unrelated individuals
True
T/f
A mutagen is anything that causes a mutation to occur
True
T/f
Inbreeding is the mating of an organism with itself (if it is a plant) or with a close relative to produce organisms that are homozygous for particular traits
True
T/f
A germ mutation will not affect the gene pool, but a somatic mutation will affect the gene pool
False
Eugenics usually refers to attempts to improve the human gene pool
True
Benign tumors are more likely to metastasize than malign tumors
False
In vitro fertilization is the mechanical injection of sperm into a females body
False
Oncogenes work with tumor suppressor genes to prevent tumor formation
True
Christians should condemn all eugenic activities because they are dehumanizing
False
A homeboy gene regulates both cellular differentiation and morphogenesis
True
Creationists and evolutionists would both agree that mutations are the only way to create new alleles
True
T/f
When human ova are remove from a woman’s body and fertilized in the laboratory, they must be implanted in a woman’s womb within a few days after fertilization because the embryos cannot be stored.
False
T/f
A nucleotide substitution will result in a frame shift as the mRNA decides the DNA
False
A single complete set of chromosomes for an organism
Genome
The woman who supplies the gamete for the formation of a child
Biological mother
When a chromosome segment breaks off but does not reattach
Deletion
Trait that shows only in one sex, but genes for it are present in both sexes
Sex-linked
Change in the order of one nucleotide in a section of a DNA molecule
Point mutation
Hybrid superiority over parents
Heterosis
Injection of sperm into a females body other than by natural means
Artificial insemination
The woman who supplies only the uterus (womb) for a developing child
Surrogate mother
Explain why germ mutation is more significant than a somatic mutation
germ mutation is a mutation in gamete or cells that form gametes. somatic mutation is a mutation in nongamete or body cells.
When a diploid organism has an extra complete genome, the organism is Haploid Trisomic Triploid Monosomic
Triploid
