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Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
A person with Down syndrome has:
Insufficient X chromosome 
Too many X or Y chromosome 
An incorrect number of chromosomes 
Too few chromosomes
A

An incorrect number of chromosomes

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2
Q 
A lethal gene is a gene that:
Is dominant
Is sex-linked
Is incompletely dominant
Causes the death of the offspring
A

Causes the death of the offspring

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3
Q 
An organism that develops as a result of parthenogenesis:
Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Monosomic
A

Haploid

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4
Q

A certain strain of fruit flies raised at 25 degrees Celsius has curly wings. If they are permitted to breed at 16 degrees Celsius, wings of the offspring (F1) will be straight. If these offspring are returned to 25 degrees Celsius and allowed to breed, the next generation (F2) will curly wings. This is an example of:
A somatic mutation
A germ mutation
The influence of the environment on genetic traits
Chromosomal mutations

A

The influence of the environment on genetic traits

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5
Q 
An advantage of growing Triploid fruits is that they are often:
Larger
Seedless
Stronger
All of the above
A

All of the above

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6
Q 
The absence of a chromosome or the presence of an extra chromosome in a genome is called:
Trisomy
Monosomy
Aneuploidy
Gene syndrome
A

Aneuploidy

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7
Q 
A change in a characteristic can be passed on naturally to future generations only when it is in the form of a:
Homozygous trait
Somatic mutation
Germ mutation
Lethal trait
A

Germ mutation

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8
Q 
Down syndrome is the result of a human:
Haploid condition
Tetraploid condition 
Triploid condition
Aneuploidy condition
A

Aneuploid condition

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9
Q 
Point mutations cannot be caused by:
Substitution
Deletion 
Addition
Translocation
A

Translocation

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10
Q

Triploids are usually sterile because:
The 3 homologous chromosomes do not line up in pairs during meiosis
They were not formed from gamets and thus do not have the ability to make gametes
The third homologue prevents successful replications
They lack sufficient sex chromosomes to form gametes

A

The three homologous chromosomes do not line up in pairs during meiosis

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11
Q

Translocation involves the:
Exchange of genes on the ends of homologous chromosomes
Exchange of genes on the ends of nonhomologous chromosomes
Development of sex-limited characteristics as the organism matures
Somatic mutation of germ cells

A

Exchange of genes on the ends of nonhomologous chromosomes

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12
Q 
Which of the following is a current method of genetic screening?
Analysis of prospective parents
Analysis of the unborn
Analysis of the newborn
All of the above
A

All of the above

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13
Q 
Down syndrome usually results from:
Nondisjunction 
Parthenogenesis 
Sex-limited trait
Somatic mutations
A

Nondisjunction

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14
Q 
A gene mutation involves:
Only the cells which form gametes
Any cell except those which form gametes
The sequence of genes on a chromosome 
Altering the sequence of DNA bases
A

Altering the sequence of DNA bases

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15
Q

Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that perform all of the following except:
Increase cell division
Prevent uncontrolled cell division
Affect the synthesis of certain growth factors
Work with tumor suppressor genes to regulate the cell cycle

A

Prevent uncontrolled cell division

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16
Q 
Which of the following indicates a tetraploid condition:
2n+16
n+n=16
4n=16
3n=16
A

4n=16

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17
Q 
All the genes present in a given population are known as the gene:
Pool
Frequency
Sampling
Combination
A

Pool

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18
Q

Variations:
Are the natural differences between organisms from the same gene pool
Are expressed only in the homozygous condition
Include those organisms that proceed from one gene pool to another
Are determined by an individual somatic mutations

A

The natural differences between organisms from the same gene pool

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19
Q 
Removing fluid surrounding the unborn child for analysis is:
In vitro fertilization 
Chorionic villus sampling 
Amniocentesis 
Heterosis
A

Amniocentesis

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20
Q 
The activation of a gene resulting in its transcription and the production of specific substances is called gene:
Expression
Morphogenesis
Differentiations 
Presentation
A

Expression

21
Q

T/f

A haploid gamete contains the complete genome for that organism.

A

False

22
Q

T/f
Under normal conditions the environment does not alter one’s genes, but the environment may affect the expression of one’s genes

A

True

23
Q

T/f
Somatic mutations usually produce an odd protein, which either kills the cell or has no effect on the cell. These results have any major effect on a multicellular organism.

A

True

24
Q

T/f

Most genetic disorders can be cured, and those that are in table can be treated

A

False

25
Q

T/f

A germ mutation usually has a very little effort on the multicellular organism in which the mutation initially occurs

A

True

26
Q

T/f

A genome and gene pool are the same thing

A

False

27
Q

T/f

Hybridization is the cross breeding of two genetically unrelated individuals

A

True

28
Q

T/f

A mutagen is anything that causes a mutation to occur

A

True

29
Q

T/f
Inbreeding is the mating of an organism with itself (if it is a plant) or with a close relative to produce organisms that are homozygous for particular traits

A

True

30
Q

T/f

A germ mutation will not affect the gene pool, but a somatic mutation will affect the gene pool

A

False

31
Q

Eugenics usually refers to attempts to improve the human gene pool

A

True

32
Q

Benign tumors are more likely to metastasize than malign tumors

A

False

33
Q

In vitro fertilization is the mechanical injection of sperm into a females body

A

False

34
Q

Oncogenes work with tumor suppressor genes to prevent tumor formation

A

True

35
Q

Christians should condemn all eugenic activities because they are dehumanizing

A

False

36
Q

A homeboy gene regulates both cellular differentiation and morphogenesis

A

True

37
Q

Creationists and evolutionists would both agree that mutations are the only way to create new alleles

A

True

38
Q

T/f
When human ova are remove from a woman’s body and fertilized in the laboratory, they must be implanted in a woman’s womb within a few days after fertilization because the embryos cannot be stored.

A

False

39
Q

T/f

A nucleotide substitution will result in a frame shift as the mRNA decides the DNA

A

False

40
Q

A single complete set of chromosomes for an organism

A

Genome

41
Q

The woman who supplies the gamete for the formation of a child

A

Biological mother

42
Q

When a chromosome segment breaks off but does not reattach

A

Deletion

43
Q

Trait that shows only in one sex, but genes for it are present in both sexes

A

Sex-linked

44
Q

Change in the order of one nucleotide in a section of a DNA molecule

A

Point mutation

45
Q

Hybrid superiority over parents

A

Heterosis

46
Q

Injection of sperm into a females body other than by natural means

A

Artificial insemination

47
Q

The woman who supplies only the uterus (womb) for a developing child

A

Surrogate mother

48
Q

Explain why germ mutation is more significant than a somatic mutation

A

germ mutation is a mutation in gamete or cells that form gametes. somatic mutation is a mutation in nongamete or body cells.

49
Q 
When a diploid organism has an extra complete genome, the organism is
Haploid
Trisomic
Triploid
Monosomic
A

Triploid

Biology (9 decks)

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