Chapter 2 Flashcards
Chemical reaction that absorb heat are called
Endothermic
Activation energy is
The energy needed to start a reaction
The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are
Protons and neutrons
An atom having a negative or positive charge is called
Ion
When put together, an acid and a base neutralize each other, forming
Water and salt
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
When only water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is called
Osmosis
A physical change is demonstrated by
Boiling water, chilling gelatin, and mixing sugar and water
Matter consists primarily of
Space
Genes are formed from
Nucleic acids
When a person lights the wick of a kerosene lamp, the energy in the kerosene
Changes from potential to kinetic
Diffusion will continue until what point is reached
Equilibrium
If a bottle of ammonia is spilled in the basement and you begin to smell it upstairs what process is demonstrated?
Diffusion
In living organisms the membranes that permit only certain materials to pass through them are called
Semipermeable
Buffers in your blood control
Acids or bases
The two basic components of the physical universe are
Energy and matter
Which is not a lipid?
Triglyceride, wax, nucleotide, or fatty acids
Nucleotide
What substance is often called a universal solvent
Water
When diffusion pressure is high
The material is FAR from equilibrium
A HOMOgeneous mixture
Is the same throughout
Which is NOT contained in a nucleotide
Sugar, lipid, phosphate, base
Lipid
The theory that life is more than a collection of chemicals is
Vitalism
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are called
Oils
No protein substances that affect the active sites of enzymes are
Coenzymes
When a large molecule is broken down by adding a water molecule, the process is called
Hydrolysis
A type of polysaccharide that accounts for the strength of plant cells and is not digestible to most animals and humans is
Cellulose
The basic building blocks of proteins are
Amino acid
The process of transferring the complementary DNA base sequence to a molecule of RNA is called
Transcription
What is the smallest unit of a compound
Molecule
Of what type of smaller molecule are polysaccharide composed
Monosaccharide
How many atoms are there in the molecule C5H10O5
20
What type of organic compound is an enzyme
Protein
What type of organic compound is C5H10O5
Carbohydrate
Giving or taking of electrons
Ionic bonding
Sharing electrons
Covalent bonds
A liquid mixture that separates
Suspension
Has a positive charge
Protons
Can be in solid or gel state
Colloid
The putting together of substances by living organisms
Biosynthesis
A double helix
DNA
An abundance of H+
Acid
T or F
Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and fatty acids
True
T or F
Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure
False
Potential energy can be changed to kinetic energy, but kinetic energy cannot be changed to potential energy
False
T or F
Egg white is a good example of a reversible phase colloid
False
T or F
Enzymes often work in a series to break down or build up molecules
True
T or F
A + B +energy yields X + Y would be an endothermic reaction
True
T or F
Many enzymes are reversible because they can permit a reaction to go either direction
True
T or F
Phospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends
True
T or F
Cellulose provides bulk (roughage) in the diet of humans
True
T of F
The three normal states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas
True
T or F
Your body grows by biosynthesis
True
T or F
Carbohydrates are made up of polypeptide chains of amino acids
False
Name and describe the two primary types of chemical bonding
In covalent bonding, the atoms forming the molecules share electrons
In ionic bonding the electrons transfer between the atoms forming ions
Explain the second law of thermodynamics
Whenever energy is used some of it is wasted.
List 2 differences between diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion can involve any molecule, osmosis involves water only
Diffusion can happen anywhere, osmosis requires selectively permeable membrane
The molecular structure of chitin is most similar to
Cellulose
What is not a result of acid rain
Buffered blood
What is not a characteristic of enzymes
Enzymes are not inorganic catalysts
An atom has all the characteristics of and is the smallest unit of _________________.
An element
