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Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemical reaction that absorb heat are called

A

Endothermic

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2
Q

Activation energy is

A

The energy needed to start a reaction

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3
Q

The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are

A

Protons and neutrons

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4
Q

An atom having a negative or positive charge is called

A

Ion

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5
Q

When put together, an acid and a base neutralize each other, forming

A

Water and salt

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6
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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7
Q

When only water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is called

A

Osmosis

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8
Q

A physical change is demonstrated by

A

Boiling water, chilling gelatin, and mixing sugar and water

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9
Q

Matter consists primarily of

A

Space

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10
Q

Genes are formed from

A

Nucleic acids

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11
Q

When a person lights the wick of a kerosene lamp, the energy in the kerosene

A

Changes from potential to kinetic

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12
Q

Diffusion will continue until what point is reached

A

Equilibrium

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13
Q

If a bottle of ammonia is spilled in the basement and you begin to smell it upstairs what process is demonstrated?

A

Diffusion

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14
Q

In living organisms the membranes that permit only certain materials to pass through them are called

A

Semipermeable

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15
Q

Buffers in your blood control

A

Acids or bases

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16
Q

The two basic components of the physical universe are

A

Energy and matter

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17
Q

Which is not a lipid?

Triglyceride, wax, nucleotide, or fatty acids

A

Nucleotide

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18
Q

What substance is often called a universal solvent

A

Water

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19
Q

When diffusion pressure is high

A

The material is FAR from equilibrium

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20
Q

A HOMOgeneous mixture

A

Is the same throughout

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21
Q

Which is NOT contained in a nucleotide

Sugar, lipid, phosphate, base

A

Lipid

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22
Q

The theory that life is more than a collection of chemicals is

A

Vitalism

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23
Q

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are called

A

Oils

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24
Q

No protein substances that affect the active sites of enzymes are

A

Coenzymes

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25
Q

When a large molecule is broken down by adding a water molecule, the process is called

A

Hydrolysis

26
Q

A type of polysaccharide that accounts for the strength of plant cells and is not digestible to most animals and humans is

A

Cellulose

27
Q

The basic building blocks of proteins are

A

Amino acid

28
Q

The process of transferring the complementary DNA base sequence to a molecule of RNA is called

A

Transcription

29
Q

What is the smallest unit of a compound

A

Molecule

30
Q

Of what type of smaller molecule are polysaccharide composed

A

Monosaccharide

31
Q

How many atoms are there in the molecule C5H10O5

A

20

32
Q

What type of organic compound is an enzyme

A

Protein

33
Q

What type of organic compound is C5H10O5

A

Carbohydrate

34
Q

Giving or taking of electrons

A

Ionic bonding

35
Q

Sharing electrons

A

Covalent bonds

36
Q

A liquid mixture that separates

A

Suspension

37
Q

Has a positive charge

A

Protons

38
Q

Can be in solid or gel state

A

Colloid

39
Q

The putting together of substances by living organisms

A

Biosynthesis

40
Q

A double helix

A

DNA

41
Q

An abundance of H+

A

Acid

42
Q

T or F

Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and fatty acids

A

True

43
Q

T or F

Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure

A

False

44
Q

Potential energy can be changed to kinetic energy, but kinetic energy cannot be changed to potential energy

A

False

45
Q

T or F

Egg white is a good example of a reversible phase colloid

A

False

46
Q

T or F

Enzymes often work in a series to break down or build up molecules

A

True

47
Q

T or F

A + B +energy yields X + Y would be an endothermic reaction

A

True

48
Q

T or F

Many enzymes are reversible because they can permit a reaction to go either direction

A

True

49
Q

T or F

Phospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

A

True

50
Q

T or F

Cellulose provides bulk (roughage) in the diet of humans

A

True

51
Q

T of F

The three normal states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas

A

True

52
Q

T or F

Your body grows by biosynthesis

A

True

53
Q

T or F

Carbohydrates are made up of polypeptide chains of amino acids

A

False

54
Q

Name and describe the two primary types of chemical bonding

A

In covalent bonding, the atoms forming the molecules share electrons
In ionic bonding the electrons transfer between the atoms forming ions

55
Q

Explain the second law of thermodynamics

A

Whenever energy is used some of it is wasted.

56
Q

List 2 differences between diffusion and osmosis

A

Diffusion can involve any molecule, osmosis involves water only
Diffusion can happen anywhere, osmosis requires selectively permeable membrane

57
Q

The molecular structure of chitin is most similar to

A

Cellulose

58
Q

What is not a result of acid rain

A

Buffered blood

59
Q

What is not a characteristic of enzymes

A

Enzymes are not inorganic catalysts

60
Q

An atom has all the characteristics of and is the smallest unit of _________________.

A

An element

Biology (9 decks)

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