Chapter 2

Question 1

Chemical reaction that absorb heat are called

Answer 1

Endothermic

Question 2

Activation energy is

Answer 2

The energy needed to start a reaction

Question 3

The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are

Answer 3

Protons and neutrons

Question 4

An atom having a negative or positive charge is called

Answer 4

Ion

Question 5

When put together, an acid and a base neutralize each other, forming

Answer 5

Water and salt

Question 6

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 6

Matter

Question 7

When only water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is called

Answer 7

Osmosis

Question 8

A physical change is demonstrated by

Answer 8

Boiling water, chilling gelatin, and mixing sugar and water

Question 9

Matter consists primarily of

Answer 9

Space

Question 10

Genes are formed from

Answer 10

Nucleic acids

Question 11

When a person lights the wick of a kerosene lamp, the energy in the kerosene

Answer 11

Changes from potential to kinetic

Question 12

Diffusion will continue until what point is reached

Answer 12

Equilibrium

Question 13

If a bottle of ammonia is spilled in the basement and you begin to smell it upstairs what process is demonstrated?

Answer 13

Diffusion

Question 14

In living organisms the membranes that permit only certain materials to pass through them are called

Answer 14

Semipermeable

Question 15

Buffers in your blood control

Answer 15

Acids or bases

Question 16

The two basic components of the physical universe are

Answer 16

Energy and matter

Question 17

Which is not a lipid?

Triglyceride, wax, nucleotide, or fatty acids

Answer 17

Nucleotide

Question 18

What substance is often called a universal solvent

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

When diffusion pressure is high

Answer 19

The material is FAR from equilibrium

Question 20

A HOMOgeneous mixture

Answer 20

Is the same throughout

Question 21

Which is NOT contained in a nucleotide

Sugar, lipid, phosphate, base

Answer 21

Lipid

Question 22

The theory that life is more than a collection of chemicals is

Answer 22

Vitalism

Question 23

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are called

Answer 23

Oils

Question 24

No protein substances that affect the active sites of enzymes are

Answer 24

Coenzymes

Question 25

When a large molecule is broken down by adding a water molecule, the process is called

Answer 25

Hydrolysis

Question 26

A type of polysaccharide that accounts for the strength of plant cells and is not digestible to most animals and humans is

Answer 26

Cellulose

Question 27

The basic building blocks of proteins are

Answer 27

Amino acid

Question 28

The process of transferring the complementary DNA base sequence to a molecule of RNA is called

Answer 28

Transcription

Question 29

What is the smallest unit of a compound

Answer 29

Molecule

Question 30

Of what type of smaller molecule are polysaccharide composed

Answer 30

Monosaccharide

Question 31

How many atoms are there in the molecule C5H10O5

Answer 31

20

Question 32

What type of organic compound is an enzyme

Answer 32

Protein

Question 33

What type of organic compound is C5H10O5

Answer 33

Carbohydrate

Question 34

Giving or taking of electrons

Answer 34

Ionic bonding

Question 35

Sharing electrons

Answer 35

Covalent bonds

Question 36

A liquid mixture that separates

Answer 36

Suspension

Question 37

Has a positive charge

Answer 37

Protons

Question 38

Can be in solid or gel state

Answer 38

Colloid

Question 39

The putting together of substances by living organisms

Answer 39

Biosynthesis

Question 40

A double helix

Answer 40

DNA

Question 41

An abundance of H+

Answer 41

Acid

Question 42

T or F | Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T or F | Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Potential energy can be changed to kinetic energy, but kinetic energy cannot be changed to potential energy

Answer 44

False

Question 45

T or F | Egg white is a good example of a reversible phase colloid

Answer 45

False

Question 46

T or F | Enzymes often work in a series to break down or build up molecules

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T or F | A + B +energy yields X + Y would be an endothermic reaction

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T or F | Many enzymes are reversible because they can permit a reaction to go either direction

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T or F | Phospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T or F | Cellulose provides bulk (roughage) in the diet of humans

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T of F | The three normal states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas

Answer 51

True

Question 52

T or F | Your body grows by biosynthesis

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T or F | Carbohydrates are made up of polypeptide chains of amino acids

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Name and describe the two primary types of chemical bonding

Answer 54

In covalent bonding, the atoms forming the molecules share electrons In ionic bonding the electrons transfer between the atoms forming ions

Question 55

Explain the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 55

Whenever energy is used some of it is wasted.

Question 56

List 2 differences between diffusion and osmosis

Answer 56

Diffusion can involve any molecule, osmosis involves water only Diffusion can happen anywhere, osmosis requires selectively permeable membrane

Question 57

The molecular structure of chitin is most similar to

Answer 57

Cellulose

Question 58

What is not a result of acid rain

Answer 58

Buffered blood

Question 59

What is not a characteristic of enzymes

Answer 59

Enzymes are not inorganic catalysts

Question 60

An atom has all the characteristics of and is the smallest unit of _________________.

Answer 60

An element