Chapter 4 Flashcards
made of membranes that contain chlorophyll
Grana
requires carbon dioxide and RuBP
Light -independent phase
requires an input of glucose and ATP
Glycolysis
RNA segments that are cut out and not used in the formation of mRNA
Introns
place where the entire process of photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplast
RNA pieces put together to form mRNA
Eons
place where the light-independent phase of photosynthesis takes place
Stroma
alternate photosynthesis pathway
C4 pathway
Manufacture of an amino acid chain
Translation
What cannot be recycled?
Energy
An example of an autotrophic organism
Oak tree
DNA code is carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by
Messenger RNA
The major products of photosynthesis are
Oxygen and glucose
RuBP is
A carbon dioxide acceptor
One example of a phosphorus-containing compound that stores energy is
ATP
A process that does not use oxygen is
Anaerobic
The man who discovered much of the information we know about photosynthesis
Calvin
nutritionally dependent organism is said to be
Heterotrophic
Cellular respiration refers to
The breaking down of food to release energy
The most important function of chlorophyll is to
Absorb light
light-independent phase of photosynthesis takes place
Either the presence or absence of light
The molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosomes is
Transfer RNA
Which of the following is most directly involved in photosynthesis, being essentially assisted by the others?
chlorophyll a, carotene, chlorophyll b, xanthophyl
Chlorophyll a
The phase of photosynthesis that splits water molecules is the
Light dependent phase
When living things obtain energy for life processes from inorganic materials,they are performing
Chemosynthesis
The breakdown of glucose by enzyme action in the absenceof oxygen is
Fermentation
The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is
Uracil
Each messenger RNA codon codes for
An amino acid
destructive(energy-releasing)phase of metabolism
Catabolism
What anticodon would line up with the codon UAC?
AUG
In DNA, what base pairs with cytosine?
Guanine
What do transfer RNA molecules transfer?
Amino acids
What type of RNA has codons?
mRNA (messenger)
What type of RNA has anticodons?
tRNA (transfer)
What do stop codons code for?
The end of an amino acid chain
T orF
Photosynthesis is the essential step between solar energy and life.
True
T or F
The phosphate groups of ATP molecules are bound together by low energy covalent bonds
False
T or F
Plants grown in increased light or in iron-rich soil lack chlorophyll and appear whitish or pale yellow.
False
T or F
Digestion of food is an example of anabolic metabolism.
False
T or F
Although both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration release energy, anaerobic cellular respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic cellular respiration.
False
T or F
Many cells that normally carry on aerobic respiration can operate anaerobically when necessary.
True
T or F
Building big muscles would be an example of catabolic metabolism.
False
T or F
Cellular fermentation is the breakdown of food without O2.
True
T or F
The RNA molecule that contains the code for a polypeptide chain of amino acids is called transfer RNA
False
T or F
Proteins are used for growth and repair,never as energy sources.
False
T or F
The mRNA leaves the nucleus with the DNA’s triplet code by passing through a pore in the nuclear envelope
True
T or F
Some genes for mitochondria are found in DNA inside mitochondria.
True
T or F
The rate of metabolism in plant cells is lower during the day.
False
List several factors that may affect metabolic rates.
- Degree of activity
- Age
- Sleep
- Health
- Environment (light, water, vitamins, temperature)
requires an inputof sunlight and H2O
Light-dependent phase
What type of RNA has neither codons nor anticodons?
rRNA (ribosomal)
