Chapter 6

Question 1

Rogers’ goal in client-centered therapy

Answer 1

let individuals explore and express their feelings, get to know themselves, improve self esteem

Question 2

How did Rogers help his clients in therapy?

Answer 2

he helped identify the conditions that might hinder personal growth in their lives. emphasized talents and power in the client.

Question 3

healthy individuals vs. neurotic individuals

Answer 3

healthy individuals were open to experiencing things rather than interpreting them or being defensive.

Question 4

Rogers’ 3 forms of defensive behavior…

Answer 4

rationalization, fantasy, projection

Question 5

how are his 3 defensive behaviors different from freud’s?

Answer 5

Rogers felt that the important aspect of these behaviors is their handling of an incongruence between self and experience by denial in awareness or distortion of perception

Question 6

reflection

Answer 6

the therapist repeats/summarizes their interpretation of what the client has said, making the client feel understood

Question 7

client-centered therapy acc. to Rogers

Answer 7

keeping an interpersonal relationship with the client. Plays an active role in understanding client experiences

Question 8

what are the three conditions critical to the therapeutic movement?

Answer 8

congruence (genuineness)
unconditional positive regard
emphatic understanding

Question 9

Congruence (genuineness)

Answer 9

interpersonally open and transparent. Shares feelings with client even if negative.

Question 10

unconditional positive regard

Answer 10

the therapist conveys a deep and genuine caring for the client.

Question 11

emphatic understanding

Answer 11

the therapist’s ability to perceive the client’s experiences as they are experienced by the client

Question 12

How does therapy “work”?

Answer 12

the client achieved greater ideal-actual self congruence.

Question 13

presence

Answer 13

the therapists’ literal presence (can be healing by itself)

Question 14

the human potential movement

Answer 14

people have a capacity to move forward to realize their

inherent potentials

Question 15

why are Maslow’s views important?

Answer 15

his view of human motivation distinguishes between biological needs and psychological needs

Question 16

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 16

1. physiological
2. safety
3. belongingness
4. esteem
5. self actualization

Question 17

six categories of strength?

Answer 17

wisdom, courage, love, justice, temperance (i.e. forgiveness), and transcendence (i.e. appreciation of beauty)

Question 18

health benefits of positive emotions

Answer 18

less degrees of cardiovascular indications of stress

Question 19

existentsialism

Answer 19

the concern with existence (the person in human condition) humans are individual, and irreplaceable.

Question 20

Sartre’s view of existentsialism?

Answer 20

humans have free will and its’ ingrained deep in their mental roots to have free choice. People have responsibility for their choices!!

1. People are free to choose and therefore have
   responsibility for their actions
2. Existence precedes essence, meaning that individuals first experience the world and then, through their
   choice, make something of themselves

Question 21

essentialism

Answer 21

the most important thing about a person or thing is

some inner core quality that it possesses

Question 22

Terror management theory (TMT)

Answer 22

examines the consequences of combining two factors: people’s desire to live, and people’s awareness of the inevitability of death

Question 23

Four features of existentsialism

Answer 23

1. Existentialists desire to understand existence in terms of the person in the human condition
2. Existentialists are concerned with the individual
3. Existentialists emphasize the human capacity for free
   choice
4. Existentialists are concerned with the experience of
   anguish and despair that result from a person feeling
   alienated from the world, a loss of meaning in life, or the inevitability of death

Question 24

Contingencies of worth

Answer 24

the idea that a person’s self-esteem depends on (is contingent on) positive and negative events

Question 25

Authenticity

Answer 25

the extent to which people behave in a manner that is consistent with their self as opposed to behaving in terms of roles that foster false self-presentations

Question 26

Why is authenticity important?

Answer 26

Authenticity was found to be associated with being a more fully functioning person

Question 27

self determination theory

Answer 27

people have a need to act in an autonomous way, not in a forced or coerced manner

Question 28

3 basic psychological needs

Answer 28

Need for autonomy
Need for competence: feeling effective in one’s actions Need for relatedness: feeling connected with others and
having a sense of belonging in one’s communit