Chapter 6 Flashcards
Rogers’ goal in client-centered therapy
let individuals explore and express their feelings, get to know themselves, improve self esteem
How did Rogers help his clients in therapy?
he helped identify the conditions that might hinder personal growth in their lives. emphasized talents and power in the client.
healthy individuals vs. neurotic individuals
healthy individuals were open to experiencing things rather than interpreting them or being defensive.
Rogers’ 3 forms of defensive behavior…
rationalization, fantasy, projection
how are his 3 defensive behaviors different from freud’s?
Rogers felt that the important aspect of these behaviors is their handling of an incongruence between self and experience by denial in awareness or distortion of perception
reflection
the therapist repeats/summarizes their interpretation of what the client has said, making the client feel understood
client-centered therapy acc. to Rogers
keeping an interpersonal relationship with the client. Plays an active role in understanding client experiences
what are the three conditions critical to the therapeutic movement?
congruence (genuineness)
unconditional positive regard
emphatic understanding
Congruence (genuineness)
interpersonally open and transparent. Shares feelings with client even if negative.
unconditional positive regard
the therapist conveys a deep and genuine caring for the client.
emphatic understanding
the therapist’s ability to perceive the client’s experiences as they are experienced by the client
How does therapy “work”?
the client achieved greater ideal-actual self congruence.
presence
the therapists’ literal presence (can be healing by itself)
the human potential movement
people have a capacity to move forward to realize their
inherent potentials
why are Maslow’s views important?
his view of human motivation distinguishes between biological needs and psychological needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- physiological
- safety
- belongingness
- esteem
- self actualization
six categories of strength?
wisdom, courage, love, justice, temperance (i.e. forgiveness), and transcendence (i.e. appreciation of beauty)
health benefits of positive emotions
less degrees of cardiovascular indications of stress
existentsialism
the concern with existence (the person in human condition) humans are individual, and irreplaceable.
Sartre’s view of existentsialism?
humans have free will and its’ ingrained deep in their mental roots to have free choice. People have responsibility for their choices!!
- People are free to choose and therefore have
responsibility for their actions - Existence precedes essence, meaning that individuals first experience the world and then, through their
choice, make something of themselves
essentialism
the most important thing about a person or thing is
some inner core quality that it possesses
Terror management theory (TMT)
examines the consequences of combining two factors: people’s desire to live, and people’s awareness of the inevitability of death
Four features of existentsialism
- Existentialists desire to understand existence in terms of the person in the human condition
- Existentialists are concerned with the individual
- Existentialists emphasize the human capacity for free
choice - Existentialists are concerned with the experience of
anguish and despair that result from a person feeling
alienated from the world, a loss of meaning in life, or the inevitability of death
Contingencies of worth
the idea that a person’s self-esteem depends on (is contingent on) positive and negative events
Authenticity
the extent to which people behave in a manner that is consistent with their self as opposed to behaving in terms of roles that foster false self-presentations
Why is authenticity important?
Authenticity was found to be associated with being a more fully functioning person
self determination theory
people have a need to act in an autonomous way, not in a forced or coerced manner
3 basic psychological needs
Need for autonomy
Need for competence: feeling effective in one’s actions Need for relatedness: feeling connected with others and
having a sense of belonging in one’s communit
