Chapter 4(test 2)

Question 1

Karen Horney’s three trends in dealing with anxiety

Answer 1

1. moving toward
2. moving against
3. moving away

Question 2

moving toward

Answer 2

a person attempts to deal with anxiety by an excessive interest in being accepted, needed, and approved of

Question 3

moving against

Answer 3

a person assumes that everyone is hostile and that life is a struggle against all

Question 4

moving away

Answer 4

the person shrinks away from others into neurotic detachment

Question 5

Sullivan vs. Freud

Answer 5

emotional experiences are not based in biological drives, but in relations with others

interpersonal approach, which placed greater emphasis on developmental experiences that occur after the Oedipal period (preadolescence)

Question 6

object relations theory

Answer 6

interested in how experiences with important people in the past are represented as parts or aspects of the self and then, in turn, affect one’s relationships with others in the present. Ex. childhood mistrust towards mother projected into adulthood towards others

Question 7

self psychology

Answer 7

similar to object relations theory, but in self psychology it is thought that developmental experiences influence mental representations of oneself
(focus on narcissism)

Question 8

Mary Ainsworth’s attachment types

Answer 8

1. secure attachment
2. anxious-avoidant
3. anxious-ambivalent

Question 9

Secure attachment via romantic and work relationships

Answer 9

view romantic feelings as being somewhat stable but also waxing and waning, and they discount the kind of head-over-heels romantic love often depicted in movies

approach work with confidence, are relatively unburdened by fears of failure, and do not allow work to
interfere with personal relationships

Question 10

Anxious-Avoidant via romantic and work relationships

Answer 10

skeptical of the lasting quality of romantic love and felt that it was rare to find a person one can really fall in love with

very much influenced by praise and fear rejection at work and allow love concerns to interfere with work performance

Question 11

Anxious-ambivalent via romantic and work relationships

Answer 11

easy to fall in love but rare to find true love

use work to avoid social interaction and, although they do well financially, are less satisfied with their jobs than secure people

Question 12

strengths of the psychoanalytic theory

Answer 12

1. Provides for the discovery and investigation of many interesting phenomena
2. Develops techniques for research and therapy (free association, dream interpretation, transference analysis)
3. Recognizes the complexity of human behavior
4. Encompasses a broad range of phenomena

Question 13

limitations to the psychoanalytic theory

Answer 13

1. Fails to define all its concepts clearly and distinctly
2. Makes empirical testing difficult, at times impossible
3. Endorses the questionable view of the person as an energy system
4. Tolerates resistance by parts of the profession to empirical research and change in the theory