Chapter 3

Question 1

mechanism

Answer 1

argues that basic physical and chemical factors

could fully explain the functioning of organisms, including life itself.

Question 2

free association

Answer 2

in this technique, the person being analyzed
allows all of their thoughts to come forth without inhibition or
falsification of any kind.

Question 3

three core ideas of mental energy system

Answer 3

1. there is a limited amount of energy
2. if mental energy is blocked somewhere, it will manifest itself in some other way
3. the mind is constantly trying to achieve a state of peace or balance

Question 4

Hysteria disorder/conversion disorder

Answer 4

the physical manifestation of psychological pain

Question 5

catharsis

Answer 5

a release and freeing of emotions by talking about one’s problems

Question 6

why is catharsis important to the psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 6

it proves that the release of pent-up mental energy allows the patient to improve.

Question 7

society’s role in curbing inborn sexually aggressive behavior?

Answer 7

society limits sex-life and teaches people that restricting biological urges is what is socially acceptable

Question 8

Freud’s three levels of awareness

Answer 8

1. conscious level
2. pre-conscious level
3. unconscious level

Question 9

conscious level

Answer 9

includes thoughts of which we are aware at any given

moment

Question 10

pre-conscious level

Answer 10

mental contents of which we could easily become aware

if we attended to them (preconscious information can become conscious)

Question 11

unconscious level

Answer 11

unconscious mental contents are part of the mind of

which we are unaware and cannot become aware except under special circumstances

Question 12

two levels of dream content?

Answer 12

latent content and manifest content

Question 13

latent content vs. manifest content

Answer 13

latent content is the unconscious desires and manifest content is the dream bringing those desires to fruition

Question 14

I.D.

Answer 14

operates on the pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification, constantly trying to release tension to reduce mind to quiet state. Animalistic side of us

Question 15

Superego

Answer 15

the moral side to us. Can be flexible and understanding. causes us to feel guilt

Question 16

ego

Answer 16

the logic, rational, portion of our personalities. Seeks to attain the desires of the ego with the limtations of society and the superego

Question 17

life instinct

Answer 17

“eros” or libido.

the innate desire for humans to procreate and keep life going. sexual drives

Question 18

death instinct

Answer 18

“thanatos”
reflects Freud’s idea that a basic
tendency of the organism is to seek calmness.
ex. suicide as an escape from psychological problems

Question 19

the dynamics of functioning

Answer 19

the ability for desires and instincts to be blocked, re-routed, or modified

Question 20

defense mechanisms

Answer 20

ways to distort reality and exclude

feelings from awareness so that we do not feel anxious

Question 21

denial

Answer 21

a simple defense mechanism in which the person denies an event in their conscious mind

Question 22

projection

Answer 22

a primitive defense that takes what is internal and projects it on the external. When people take their own undesired qualities and inflict them on others

Question 23

isolation

Answer 23

the individual “magically” undoes one act or wish with another, where the second act nullifies the first in such a manner that it is as though the first act never happened).

Question 24

reaction formation

Answer 24

trying to over-exaggerate that they aren’t a certain way. Unreasonable, showy.
ex. gay kid tries to prove he’s heterosexual

Question 25

sublimination

Answer 25

takes negative energy and re-routes it into positive energy

Question 26

Psychosexual stages

Answer 26

1. oral stage
2. anal stage
3. phallic stage
4. latency stage
5. genital stage

Question 27

Oral stage

Answer 27

first stage of development (0-2 years)

centered on pleasures of the mouth (thumb sucking, etc)

Question 28

Anal stage

Answer 28

Second stage of development (2-3 years old)

relates to conflict between elimination and retention

Question 29

Phallic Stage

Answer 29

Third stage of development (4-5 years old)
excitation and tension focused on genitals
girls develop penis envy
children become more attached to parent of opposite gender

Question 30

Latency Stage

Answer 30

the fourth stage of development
between 6 years of age and puberty
the child experiences a decrease in sexual urges and interest

Question 31

The genital stage

Answer 31

last stage of development

with the onset of puberty there is a reawakening of the sexual urges and Oedipal feelings

Question 32

Oedipus Complex

Answer 32

the suppressed desire for children to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex

Question 33

Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development

Answer 33

1. trust vs. mistrust
2. autonomy vs. shame/doubt
3. initiative vs. guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs. role diffusion
6. intimacy vs. isolation
7. generativity vs. stagnation
8. integrity vs. despair

Question 34

trust vs. mistrust

Answer 34

1 years old

feeding trust between mother and child

Question 35

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer 35

2-3 years old

toilet training is a significant social step in which the child may develop a sense of autonomy or shame and self-doubt

Question 36

initiative vs. guilt

Answer 36

4-5 years old

child struggles with pleasure versus feeling guilty

Question 37

industry vs. inferiority

Answer 37

latency phase (6 years-puberty)
in which the child will develop a sense of industry/success or inferiorirty

Question 38

identity vs. role diffusion

Answer 38

adolescence
the struggle for a sense of identity
the establishment of a sense of ego identity

Question 39

intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 39

early adulthood
Erikson suggests that some people develop a sense of intimacy, whereas other people remain isolated from family and friends

Question 40

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 40

adulthood
Erikson suggests an acceptance of life’s successes and disappointments and an ability to lose oneself in work, whereas others lose interest in work and relationships

Question 41

Integrity vs. despair

Answer 41

later years
Erikson suggests a sense of order, meaning and continuity throughout the life cycle, versus a fear of death, bitterness about life, and focus on both past disappointments and future death