Chapter 6. 2 Attention and memory

Question 1

attention

Answer 1

information processing involving the ability to strategically choose among and sort out different stimuli in the environment

• attention-getting: ex. a loud noise or sudden movement
• attention-holding: ex. a toy truck with a four year old and a book with a 12-year old

Question 2

Controlling attention

Answer 2

Concentration becomes more concentrated and lasting as children get older; increasing ability to tune into certain stimulate, while tuning out others

Question 3

Planning

Answer 3

• Become more proficient at mapping out and devising strategies for using their attention effectively
• Allocate attentional resources better on the basis of goals that they wish to achieve

Question 4

infantile amnesia

Answer 4

the lack of memory for experiences occurring prior to three years of age

Question 5

autobiographical memory

Answer 5

memory of a particular event from one’s own life

Question 6

operating efficiency hypothesis

Answer 6

people are able to remember material better with age because they process information more quickly and use more effective, suitable strategies

Question 7

control strategies

Answer 7

conscious, intentionally use tactics to improve cognitive processing
-ex. children know that the repetition of information is a useful strategy for improving memory

Question 8

keyword strategy

Answer 8

one word is paired with another that sounds like it

- ex. keyword being “pot” for the Spanish word pato (pot-o)

Question 9

scripts

Answer 9

general representations in memory of a sequence or series of events

Question 10

metamemory

Answer 10

the understanding and knowledge that children and adults have about memory and the processes that underlie it

Question 11

Changes and stability in memories during adulthood

Answer 11

As people get older they register and store information less efficiently, which makes it harder to retrieve that information stored in their memory.

Question 12

similarities between Piaget’s account of cognitive development and information processing accounts of cognitive development

Answer 12

Both are critical in providing an account of cognitive development

Question 13

differences between Piaget’s account of cognitive development and information processing accounts of cognitive development

Answer 13

Piaget focuses on broad explanations of the qualitative changes that occur in children’s capabilities, and information processing looks at quantitative change.