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Anatomy > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

keratinized straitified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What is the dermis?

A

connective tissue layer

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4
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Fat layer

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5
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

A

Resistance to trauma, barrier to ultraviolet, vitamin d synthesis, sensory receptors, thermoreceptors, nonverbal communication

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6
Q

What are stem cells?

A

cells in deepest layer

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7
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

most skin cells

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8
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Shield UV

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9
Q

What are tactile/merkel cells?

A

nerve cells

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10
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

guard against pathogens

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11
Q

What is the single layer of cells on the basement membrane?

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

layers of keratinocytes

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13
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes

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14
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

translucent zone in thick skin

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15
Q

What is th stratum corneum?

A

up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells

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16
Q

What is the life cycle of keratinocytes? (4)

A
  1. produced by stem cells
  2. new cells push older towards surface
  3. cells fill with keratin
  4. cells die
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17
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers, and fibroblasts

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18
Q

What is the dermal papillae?

A

extensions of dermis into epidermis

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19
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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20
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

A

They hypodermis

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21
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Red pigment of red blood cells

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22
Q

What is carotene?

A

yellow pigment

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23
Q

What is melanin?

A

brown pigment

24
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

blue color from lack of oxygen

25
Q

what is erythema?

A

redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels

26
Q

What is jaundice?

A

yellowing of skin due to excess bilirubin in blood

27
Q

What is bronzing?

A

golden-brown color skin

28
Q

what is pallor?

A

pale skin from lack of blood flow

29
Q

what is albinism?

A

genetic lack of melanin

30
Q

what is a hematoma?

A

a bruise

31
Q

What are freckles and moles composed of?

A

excessive melanocytes

32
Q

What are flexion creases?

A

creases in skin by repeated closing of hand

33
Q

what are flexion lines?

A

form in wrist and elbow areas

34
Q

what is hair composed of?

A

hard keratin

35
Q

what are the 3 different hair types?

A

lanugo, vellus, and terminal

36
Q

What is the hair shaft?

A

above the skin

37
Q

what is the hair follicle?

A

oblique tube within the skin

38
Q

What are the 3 stages of the hair cycle?

A

anagen (growth)
catagen (shrinking)
telogen (resting)

39
Q

What is the term for thinning or baldness?

A

alopecia

40
Q

What is hirsutism?

A

excessive hair growth

41
Q

What are guard hairs?

A

prevent foreign objects from getting into nose, eyes, or ears

42
Q

What are merocrine glands?

A

simple tubular gland

43
Q

what are apocrine glands?

A

produce sweat

44
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

oily secretion glands

45
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

only in external ear canal

46
Q

What are mammary glands?

A

found only during lactation and pregnancy

47
Q

What is polythelia?

A

additional nipples

48
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

least dangerous skin cancer

49
Q

what is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

medium dangerous skin cancer

50
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

most deadly skin cancer

51
Q

What does 1st degree burn?

A

only epidermis

52
Q

What does 2nd degree burn?

A

epidermis and some dermis

53
Q

What does 3rd degree burn?

A

epidermis and dermis

54
Q

What is an autograft?

A

tissue from person needing graft

55
Q

what is an isograft?

A

tissue from identical twin

56
Q

what is a homograft?

A

tissue from unrelated person

57
Q

what is a heterograft?

A

tissue from another species, mostly pig

Anatomy (16 decks)

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