Chapter 3 Flashcards
Polygonal cell shape
Angular shape
Squamous cell shape
Thin and flat
Stellate cell shape
Starlike
Cubiodal cell shape
Square
Columnar cell shape
Columns
Spheroid cell shape
Round
Discoid cell shape
Disk shape
Disinformation cell shape
Spindle shaped
Fibrous cell shape
Thread like
Where is intracellular fluid located?
Inside the cell
Where is extracellular fluid located?
Outside the cell
What does cholesterol do for the membrane?
Holds phospholipids still
Where are peripheral proteins located?
Surface of membrane
What do carriers do?
Bind to molecules to transport across membrane
What do glycoproteins do?
Recognize potentially dangerous cells
What do cell adhesion molecules do?
Hold cells to one another
What are microvilli?
Extensions on membrane to increase surface area for absorption
What are cilia?
Hair like ligaments, help move things
What are flagella?
Longer structures than cilia
What is simple diffusion?
High concentration to low concentration
What is active transport?
Up a concentration gradient: requires energy
What is passive transport?
Down a concentration gradient: doesn’t not require energy
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water down a concentration gradient
What is reverse osmosis?
Water is forced against it’s concentration gradient
What is equilibrium?
When both sides of osmosis are filtered through exchange
What is tonicity?
Absolute of a solution to effect fluid volume and pressure in a cell
What is a hypotonic solution?
Has a lower concentration of no permeating solutes
What’s a hypertonic solution?
Has a higher concentration of non-permeating solutes than intracellular fluid
What is an isotonic solution?
Equal concentration
What are transport proteins responsible for?
Carrier-mediated transport
How many solutes do uniports carry?
One
How many solutes do symports carry?
Two or more in the same direction
How many solutes do antiports carry?
2 or more in different directions
What does vesicular transport move?
Large particles
What does endocytosis do?
Brings materials into a cell
What does phagocytosis do?
Engulfs particles
What does pinocytosis do?
Taking in fluid
What is exocytosis?
Process of discharging material from a cell
What is transcytosis?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
What is the cytoskeleton?
Determine shape of cell
What is the largest organelle?
Nucleus
What is endoplasmic reticulum?
System of interconnected cisternae
Rough ER structure
Flattens sacs covered with ribosomes
Smooth ER
Tubular cisternae
What are ribosomes?
Translate RNA to protein
What is the Golgi complex?
Received proteins, sorts, and packages them
What are lysosomes?
Packages of enzymes surrounded by a unit membrane
What are peroxisomes?
Use oxygen to oxidize other molecules
What do mitochondria do?
Synthesize ATP
what is a centriole?
Short, cylindrical assembly of microtubules
