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Anatomy > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues made of?

A

Cells surrounded by matrix

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2
Q

What is a matrix made of?

A

Fibrous proteins and ground substance

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3
Q

What is ground substance made of?

A

Water, gases, and minerals

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4
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Layers of closely spaced cells

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5
Q

Where in the body do you find epithelial tissue?

A

organ surfaces

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6
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

tissues with more matrix then cell volume

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7
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Bind together to protect organs

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8
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A

tissue with excitable cells and tranmits coded information

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9
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A

thin, scaly cells

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10
Q

What is simple cubiodal epithelium?

A

square or round cells

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11
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

tall, narrow cells

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12
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

all cells touch the basement membrane

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13
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

2-20 layers of cells lying on top of each other

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14
Q

What is the most widespread epithelium in the body?

A

stratified squamus

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15
Q

What is keratin?

A

durable, waterproof protein

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16
Q

What is the most abundant tissue in the body?

A

Connective

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17
Q

What are the 8 functions of connective tissue?

A

binding of organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, and transport

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18
Q

What are the 6 cell types found in fibrous connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, and adipocytes

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19
Q

What are the 3 fibers found in fibrous connective tissue?

A

Collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of fibrous connective tissue?

A

Loose and dense

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21
Q

What is areolar tissue?

A

loose connective and extremely variable

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22
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A

loose connective and contains fibroblasts

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23
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

loose connective tissue made of fat

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24
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

made of mostly fibroblasts and collagen fibers

25
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

random collagen fibers

26
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

27
Q

What type of tissue is bone composed of?

A

osseus

28
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

Spongy and compact bone

29
Q

What are haversian canals?

A

transports blod vesses and nerves

30
Q

What is the bone matrix?

A

secreted by bone cells in rings

31
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

live bone cells

32
Q

What is the ground substance of blood called?

A

Plasma

33
Q

What are the 3 formed elements in blood?

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

34
Q

What are neurons?

A

nerve cells that carry electrical impulses across the body

35
Q

What are neuroglia cells?

A

they assist neurons

36
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

muscle attached to bones

37
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

muscle found only in the heart

38
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

muscle that forms the walls of internal organs

39
Q

What are intercellular junctions?

A

protein structures that connect cells together

40
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

multiple proteins in adjacent cells

41
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

patch-like protein plaques

42
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

6 transmembrane proteins that form a tunnel that connects cytoplasm

43
Q

What is a gland?

A

a cell or organ that secretes substances elsewhere in the body

44
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

secretions that reach the surface of an organ or through a duct

45
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

secretions go to bloodstream

46
Q

What are the 3 types of glandular secretions?

A

serous, mucous, and cytogenic

47
Q

What are the 2 methods of secretion?

A

merocrine and holocrine

48
Q

What is merocrine secretions?

A

are released through exocytosis

49
Q

What is holocrine secretions?

A

are released when cell ruptures

50
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

change from one type of tissue to another

51
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

tissue growth via cell replication

52
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

tissue growth through cell enlargement

53
Q

What is atrophy?

A

shrinkage of tissue

54
Q

What is necrosis?

A

premature death of tissue

55
Q

What is infarction?

A

sudden death of tissue due to lack of blood

56
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

57
Q

What is regeneration?

A

replacement of dead and damaged cells

58
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue

Anatomy (16 decks)

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