Chapter 6

Question 1

Attitude

Answer 1

An evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion that includes three components: affect, cognition, and behavior

Question 2

Likert scale

Answer 2

A numerical scale used to assess people’s attitudes; a scale that includes a set of possible answers with labeled anchors on each extreme

Question 3

Response latency

Answer 3

The amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus, such as an attitude question

Question 4

Implicit attitude measure

Answer 4

An indirect measure of attitudes that doesn’t involve a self-report

Question 5

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 5

The theory that inconsistency between a person’s thoughts, sentiments, and actions creates an aversive emotional state that leads to efforts to restore consistency

Question 6

Effort justification

Answer 6

The tendency to reduce dissonance by justifying the time, effort, or money devoted to something that turned out to be unpleasant or disappointing

Question 7

Induced (forced) compliance

Answer 7

Subtly compelling people to behave in a manner that is inconsistent with their beliefs, attitudes, or values in order to elicit dissonance and therefore a change in their original attitudes and values

Question 8

Self-perception theory

Answer 8

The theory that people come to know their own attitudes by looking at their behavior and the context in which it occurred and then inferring what their attitudes must be

Question 9

System justification theory

Answer 9

The theory that people are motivated to see the existing sociopolitical system as desirable, fair, and legitimate

Question 10

Terror management theory (TMT)

Answer 10

The theory that people deal with the potentially crippling anxiety associated with the inevitability of death by striving for symbolic immortality through preserving valued cultural worldviews and by believing they have lived up to their culture’s standards