Chapter 10 Flashcards
Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Stereotype
A belief that certain attributes are characteristics of members of a particular group
Prejudice
An attitude or affective response (positive or negative) toward a group and its individual members
Discrimination
Favorable or unfavorable treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group
Modern racism
Prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
Implicit association test (IAT)
A technique for revealing nonconscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people
Priming
The presentation of information designed to activate a concept (such as a stereotype) and hence make it accessible. A prime is the stimulus presented to activate the concept in question
Affect misattribution procedure (AMP)
A priming procedure designed to assess people’s implicit associations to different stimuli, including their associations to various ethnic, racial, gender, and occupational groups
Realistic group conflict theory
A theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources
Ethnocentrism
Glorifying one’s own group while vilifying other groups
Superordinate goals
A goal that transcends the interests of any one group and that can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together
Minimal group paradigm
An experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these “minimal groups” are inclined to behave toward one another
Social identity theory
The idea that a person’s self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs
Basking in reflected glory
Taking pride in the accomplishments of other people in one’s group, such as when sports fans identify with a winning team
Paired distinctiveness
The pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they occur together
Subtyping
Explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to differ from the group as a whole
Outgroup homogeneity effect
The tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups
Own-race identification bias
The tendency for people to be better able to recognize and distinguish faces from their own race than from other races
Contact hypothesis
The proposition that prejudice can be reduced by putting members of different groups in frequent contact with one another
Multiculturalism
A diversity ideology that encourages the acknowledgment and appreciation of people’s unique cultural and ethnic identities
Color-blindness
A diversity ideology that encourages treating others as unique individuals and downplaying or ignoring cultural and ethnic group differences
