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Hazmat > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

Identifying criminals or terrorist activities

1
Q

Situational awareness includes
Identifying the ‘’
Interpreting ‘’
Assessing ‘’
‘‘potential outcomes

A

Identifying the hazard
Interpreting the information available
Assessing what is happening
Predicting potential outcome

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2
Q

The inability to establish a maintains situation. All awareness during an incident is likely to result in ‘’

A

Failure to achieve the desired outcome p. 239

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3
Q

Situational awareness is sometimes referred to as a process working at three levels, which are?
P
C
A

A

Level 1- perception
Level 2 - comprehension
Level 3 -application

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4
Q

The following factors may lead to an emergency responders loss of situational awareness. They include five parts.
A
D
F
O
C

A

Ambiguity
Distraction
Fixation
Overload
Complacency

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5
Q

Information received is confusing or unclear ?

A

Ambiguity

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6
Q

Loss of focus of the original mission without appropriate rationale

A

Distraction

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7
Q

To focus on a single element of a situation

A

Fixation

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8
Q

Task information overwhelms us, or we attempt to perform all the tasks ourselves is what ?

A

Overload

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9
Q

False Sense of comfort based on misconceptions of hazard risk or situation sometimes based on past

A

Complacency

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10
Q

Responders at terrorist incident and crime scenes must ensure’’, implement’’ for control, perform’’, as well as’’ evidence while maintaining situational awareness

A

Ensure scene safety, implement protocols for control, perform rescue as well as preserve evidence

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11
Q

Perimeters are also known as

A

Isolation zone

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12
Q

The reasons to establish a perimeter include

A

Safety of the public and preservation of seen in the evidence p. 240

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13
Q

Situational awareness can result and loss or accidental of ?

A

Valuable evidence/information

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14
Q

A crime can be an act or failure to act which is prohibited by criminal law and punishable by fine of imprisonment. Criminal activities involving hazards materials/WMD include

A

Illegal hazmat dumps
illicit lab p. 241

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15
Q

What natural disasters Create Hazmat incidents or expose environmental crimes, such as illegal hazmat dumps

A

Floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes

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16
Q

Illegal hazmat dump contains abandoned containers, such as

A

Drums, tanks, containers, and cylinders

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17
Q

Abandoned containers are sometimes referred to as

A

Orphan containers. 242

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18
Q

Frequently illegal dumped posed the following significant problems and hazards, which are

A

Unlabeled containers
Mixed chemicals
Aged chemicals
Environmental contamination

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19
Q

illicit laboratories, maybe used to manufacture ?

A

Drugs, explosives, biological weapons, or chemical warfare agents

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20
Q

Following our clues that may indicate illicit laboratory

A

Dead or discolored vegetation
Additional modified electrical services
Increased pedestrian and vehicle
Increased security
Unusual odors
Excessive corrosion on metal fixtures
Laboratory glass bar, and unusual locations
Large quantity of household chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Unusual use of materials, such as water bottles, and food process
ppe
Disinfectant p. 243

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21
Q

What may be set to protect illicit laboratories and other criminal activities

A

Booby traps

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22
Q

Booby traps may utilize conventional mutations which are x3

A

Chemical , biological, radiological p. 244

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23
Q

The unlawful use of force against persons or properties to intimidate or coerce a government, civil population or any segment thereof in the furtherance of political or social objectives is what and defined by who?

A

FBI - terrorism

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24
Q

Terrorist can operate as what x2

A

Group or alone p. 245

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25
Q

Terrorism is designed to cause what x 3

A

Disruption, fear and panic

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26
Q

Terrorism attack target on x 3

A

Land, sea or air

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27
Q

Traditional terrorist attacks include x 3

A

Assassination, armored assaults , and bombings

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28
Q

The following is a list of probable WMD’s threats from most likely to least likely based on emergency response records

A
  1. Explosives.
  2. Biological toxins( rican)
  3. Industrial chemicals.( chlorine / phosgene
  4. Biological pathogens.( contagious diseases.)
  5. Radiological materials.
  6. Military grade. chemical weapons.
  7. Nuclear weapons.
    p. 246
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29
Q

Difference between terrorism and other emergencies include

A

Intent and severity and complexity

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30
Q

All incidents ( terrorist or other) have the same priorities of

A

Life, safety, incident stabilization, and protecting property

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31
Q

Examples of potential terrorists include

A

Areas of public assembly and recreation( hotels, casinos shopping malls)

Critical infrastructure( dams, water, treatment, facilities, powerplants electrical stations, nuclear plants)

Educational sites

High profile buildings and locations

Industrial sites

Mass transportation

Medical and science facilities p. 247-8

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32
Q

The following are a few examples of situations that can queue the responder to consider the possibility of a terrorist attack x 3

A

Report on multiple similar medical emergencies in public locations

Unusual large number of people with the similar medical signs and symptoms

Reported explosion or gunfire

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33
Q

What does CBRNE stand for?

A

Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive p. 248

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34
Q

the use of what at terrorist attacks illicit laboratories is always a possibility

A

Secondary devices

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35
Q

What are often designed to affect an oncoming emergency response in order to create more chaos and injury to respond by standards

A

Secondary devices

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36
Q

If responders find anything suspicious, they should

A

Note the item and location
Treat the item with appropriate caution
Notify appropriate person law enforcement/bomb
Evacuate immediately p. 249

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37
Q

What is biological terrorism known as?

A

Bio terrorism

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38
Q

The intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock or crops is known as defined by who

A

Biological terrorism center for disease, control, and prevention( CDC)

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39
Q

Biological agents include
V
B
B

A

Viral agents
Bacterial agents
Biological toxins

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40
Q

What are the simplest types of microorganisms that can only replicate in their house living cells they do not respond to antibiotics making them an attractive weapon

A

Viral agents

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41
Q

What are Microscopic, single celled organisms, do not cause disease in people, but when they do two different mechanisms are possible invade the tissue or producing poison

A

Bacterial agents

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42
Q

What are poison produced by living organisms, however, is not usually harmful to people similar to chemical agents.

A

Biological toxins

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43
Q

Biological agents can be disseminated(spread) via

A

aerosolization
Food
Water

44
Q

How long do biological agents cause health effects?

A

Hours, days or weeks to make someone else depending on the agent. Difficult to trace.

45
Q

However, certain ‘’ organisms biological toxins could potentially act more quickly in minutes to hours

A

Marine organisms

46
Q

Biological attacks utilize what x3
V
B
BT

A

Viruses, bacteria and or biological toxins p. 250

47
Q

Biological attacks indicators include
‘‘Or’’ of an attack
Large number of people with’’ symptoms during ‘’ months
Unusual number of ‘‘or ‘‘people or animals
Multiple people with similar ‘’ or ‘’
Abandoned’’ devices
Casualties distribution aligned with’’
‘’ tracking of signs and symptoms reported by hospitals
Illness is associated with a common source of x3
Presentation of specific ‘’ l diseases
Diagnosis of illness, not common to the ‘’

A

warning Or threat of an attack
Large number of people with flu like symptoms during non-flu months
Unusual number of sick or dying people or animals
Multiple people with similar signs or symptoms
Abandoned spray devices
Casualties distribution aligned with wind direction
Electronic tracking of signs and symptoms reported by hospitals
Illness is associated with a common source of food, water location
Presentation of specific unusual diseases
Diagnosis of illness, not common to the geographical area

48
Q

Methods of infectious disease transmission include

A

Airborne transmission
Contact with infected droplets( contact with mucus membrane of eyes, nose, and mouth)
Direct contact
Indirect contact(touching contaminated services)
Ingestion of contaminated food or water
vectors( flies fleas, and mosquitoes) p. 251

49
Q

If biological attacked is suspected First responders should immediately notify their

A

Local healthcare agencies

50
Q

An event of an overt( not a secret attack) attack or incident versus respond first focus on

A

Isolation and contamination

51
Q

Overt attacks could include

A

White powder incident
Discovery of suspected biological laboratory
Witness use of spray device p. 252

52
Q

to ensure containment, following guidelines.

A

Initially contained person who may be affect
De-contaminate victim, transport to medical facility
Register
( record name and contact information) follow up isrequired

53
Q

A typical chemical Incident has a rapid onset of what ?

A

Minutes to hours of medical symptoms

54
Q

By biological incident, the onset time is usually what

A

Days to weeks

55
Q

What agents are usually odorless /colorless

A

Biological agents

56
Q

what is the deliberate release of toxic gases, liquids, or solids that can poison people and the environment

A

Chemical attack

57
Q

What are intended to use in warfare or terrorist activities to kill, seriously injured or seriously incapacitate people through their physiological effects

A

Chemical agents also referred to chemical weapons p. 253

58
Q

What does TIMs stand for?

A

Toxic industrial materials

59
Q

Responders are more likely to deal with what use as a weapon than chemical warfare agents because they are cheaper and easier to obtain

A

Toxic industrial materials

60
Q

What are particularly poises hazardous material that are normally used for industrial purposes, but they could be used by Terrorist to deliberately kill, injure or incapacitate people

A

Toxic industrial materials

61
Q

Types of agents that may be used in chemical attacks include

A

Nerve agents
Blister agents
Blood agents
Choking agents
Riot control agents
incapacitiants
TIMs

62
Q

What are organophosphate compounds that affect the function of the nervous system their primary root of entry is through direct contact with the skin

A

Nerve agents

63
Q

Blisters/burns the skin or any part of the body they contact

A

Blister agents

64
Q

Tear gas or irritant agents are chemical compounds that cause immediate irritation of the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and skin

A

Riot control agents

64
Q

Chemical asphyxiants , sometimes categorized as TIMs because they have an industrial application

A

Blood agents

65
Q

Attacks and causes tissue damage to the lungs

A

Choking agents

66
Q

What produce a temporary disabling condition that persist for hours or two days after exposure has occurred

A

Incapacitates

67
Q

What causes violent, uncontrollable, seizing, coughing, nausea, vomiting, and a general feel bodily discomfort, appears as aerosol and produce effects by inhalation or direct action in the eye

A

Vomiting agents

68
Q

Common hazardous material use for terrorist purposes are industrial chemicals that are toxic at a certain concentration and are produced in quantities exceeding 30 tons per year at one production facility

A

TIMs

69
Q

TIMs our divided into three categories, which are

A

High hazard- indicates a Wiley produce, stored or transported that has high, toxic and easily vaporized

Medium hazard- indicates they may rank high in some categories

Low hazard- not likely to be a hazard p. 254

70
Q

chemical attacks indicators include :

A

warning or threats of an attack or received intelligence

presence of hazmat or labs equip that is not relevant to occupant

intentional release of hazmat

71
Q

What Agent may consist of two separate nontoxic compounds that one makes become the active nerve Agent. The components are known as fourth generation, chemical weapons, and some variants are thought to be 5 to 8 times more toxic than nerve agents.

A

novichok agent

72
Q

Chemical attack indicators include

Presence of’’ laboratories

Intentionally release of ‘’

Unexplained patterns of sudden onset of similar ‘’ or ‘’

Unexplained ‘’ or ‘’

Multiple individuals, exhibiting unexplained ‘’

Unexplained ‘‘or munition like material

Unexplained x4

Unexplained ‘’ problems(nausea, vomiting, twitching)
Unexplained ‘’

Casualties distributed’’

Multiple individuals experiencing ‘’ or ‘’

Trees, shrubs, bushes, food, crops, and lawn that are ‘’

Surfaces, exhibiting oil ‘’

Abnormal sick or dead ‘’

Unusual ‘’ , lock bars, or windows

A

Warning or threats of an attack or received intelligence

Presence of hazardous materials laboratories

Intentionally release of hazardous mate

Unexplained patterns of sudden onset of similar illnesses or deaths

Unexplained orders or taste

Multiple individuals, exhibiting unexplained skin irritation

Unexplained bomb or munition like material

Unexplained vapor, clouds, mist and plumes

Unexplained health problems(nausea, vomiting, twitching)

Unexplained deaths

Casualties distributed downwind

Multiple individuals experiencing blisters or rash

Trees, shrubs, bushes, food, crops, and lawn that are dead

Surfaces, exhibiting oil droplets or

Abnormal sick or dead birds animals

Unusual security, lock bars, or windows
p.256

73
Q

Radiological materials have been implicated in

A

Assassinations and homicides

74
Q

The only way to confirm if radiation is present, at an incident is to use

A

Radiological monitoring equipment

75
Q

Radiological attacks, utilize weapons that release radiological most likely in the form of

A

Dust or powder

76
Q

radiological attack indicators include:

A

Warning or threats of an attack

Individual exhibiting signs and symptoms of radiation exposure

Radiological material packages left unattended

Suspicious packages

Anticipation of radiation devices

77
Q

Nuclear attacks are a little different from radiological attacks. What is the difference?

A

Nuclear attacks are the intentional detonation of a nuclear weapon

78
Q

Indicators of nuclear attacks include

A

Warning or threat of

Mushroom Cloud

Exceptionally large/powerful Explosion

Electromagnetic pulse

79
Q

Radiological devices are sometimes referred to as a’’ because the contaminants they spread could ruin property, crops or livestock, and caused large areas to become unstable

A

dirty Bombs

80
Q

Examples of radiological devices

A

Radiation exposure device ( RED)
Radiological dispersal device( RDD)
Radiological dispersal weapon( RDW) p. 258

81
Q

What device is a powerful gamma, emitting radiation source. terrorist may place it in high profile locations such as high traffic, entertainment, areas or complexes

A

Radiation exposure device

82
Q

Any device, including weapons or equipment, other than nuclear explosive devices specifically designed to disseminate radioactive material to cause destruction, damage or injury by the means of radiation produced by the decay of such materials. Use these to create panic by exposing people to react to materials.

A

Radiological dispersal device

83
Q

What device can be inexpensive and common item such as pressurized containers, building, ventilation systems, fans, and mechanical devices to spread radioactive contents.

A

Radiological dispersal weapons. 259

84
Q

Responders conducting scene size of need to look for what?

Elevated’’’ readings

Unusual or out of place ‘’

Size and shape of smoke ‘’’

Odors

Large ‘’ fields

'’From explosions

A

Elevated radiological readings

Unusual or out of place indicators

Size and shape of smoke plume

Odors

Large debris fields

Craters From explosions

85
Q

What geographical environmental factors can implicate a radiological terrorism incident

Prevailing ‘’

Broken’’

Vehicles or pedestrian ‘’

'’system

'’and’’ corridors

Natural or ‘’ influences

A

Prevailing wind

Broken water mains

Vehicles or pedestrian traffic flow

Ventilation system

Air and rail corridors

Natural or man-made influences

86
Q

Responder tactics for radiological incidents include:

Positioning apparatus ‘’

’’ the area/and prevent unauthorized entry

Stay alert and look for ‘’’

Use time, ‘‘and ‘’

Full ‘’

Avoid contact with any ‘’

Monitor’’

Establish background ‘’

Detain or isolate, injured ‘’ or ‘’

Remove victims from ‘’

’’ Medical personnel

Call for ‘’ guidance

Preserve possible ‘’

Do ‘’ conduct overhaul and cleanup operations

A

Positioning apparatus upwind

Securing the area/and prevent unauthorized entry

Stay alert and look for small explosive Dev

Use time, distance and shielding

Full PPE

Avoid contact with any visible smoke

Monitor radiation

Establish background radiation

Detain or isolate, injured people or equipment

Remove victims from high hazard

assit Medical personnel

Call for expert guidance

Preserve possible evidence

Do not conduct overhaul and cleanup operations p. 260

87
Q

Explosives are often referred to as

A

Conventional attacks

88
Q

Most experts agree that explosives are the greatest ‘’ of today

A

Weapon of mass destruction threat

89
Q

Explosives may be used to spray x3

A

Chemical, biological and radiological materials p. 261

90
Q

What is any material or mixture that will undergo an extremely fast self propagating reaction when subjected to some form of energy

A

Explosion

91
Q

What results when material undergoes a physical or chemical reaction that releases rapidly expanding gases

A

Explosion

92
Q

A blast pressure wave has two phases. What are they?

A

Positive pressure phase and negative pressure phase p. 262

93
Q

During positive pressure phase what happens

A

The shock front leads the positive pressure wave shrinking anything in its path with a hammering force

The positive pressure wave continues outward and expanding radius

The energy dissipates due to distance

94
Q

Negative pressure or suction phase is created when the following occurs

A

Displaced atmosphere Rushes back in to fill the vacuum left at the center of the explosion

Structural damage in the initial blast

Explosion negative pressure phase last about three times longer than a positive pressure

95
Q

How much longer does a negative phase last on the positive phase

A

3 x p. 263

96
Q

First responders are more likely to encounter what , then military explosives in their day-to-day response activity

A

Homemade explosives

97
Q

What part of the ERG provides safe standup distance

A

Tables in the green board pages p. 264

98
Q

Many oxidizers and fuels can be combined to form improvised what examples of this material include

A

Explosive materials

Peroxide basic explosives

Chlorate based explosives

Nitrate based explosives p. 265

99
Q

What devices may be constructed with components scavenge from conventional munitions and standard consumer electrical components such as speaker, wires, cellular phones, or garage door openers

A

IED

100
Q

Often include nails,, broken glasses, bolts, and other items that will cause additional sharp damage and fragmentation injuries

A

IEDS P. 266

101
Q

What typically consists of bombs worn or carried by suicide bomber

A

Person born improvised, explosive devices(PBIED)

102
Q

The FBI uses synonym ALERT to indicate a possible suicide bomber, what does this stand for?

A

A- alone and nervous
L- loose in our bulky clothes
E- exposed wires
R rigid midsection( explosive device or rifle)
T- tightened hands( detonation device holdin p. 269 )

103
Q

The preservation of life is more important than what

A

Preservation of evidence

104
Q

What things can have tremendous significance to forensic experts and other law-enforcement investigators

A

Footprints

Location of witness

Vehicles in the vicinity

Wrapping paper/specialized pack

Containers

Debris placement

Other materials such as flares electric components, fluids, and chemicals

105
Q

First responder should do the following to help preserve evidence:

Do not’’ unless necessary

Avoid ‘’ area

Remember what the ‘’ before arrival( who is there, what happened?, important events that occurred, where objects were located and what events unfolded)

Document Observation ‘’ possible

Take ‘’

Remember in document when something was ‘’

’’ number of people working in the area

leave ‘’ disturbed

Identify ‘’

Preserve potential ‘’

Chemical or biological incident,’’ restaurants or food vendors

A

Do not touch anything unless necessary

Avoid disturbing are

Remember what the scene look like before arrival( who is there, what happened?, important events that occurred, where objects were located and what events unfolded)

Document Observation quickly as possible

Take photographs

Remember in document when something was touched removed

Minimize number of people working in the area

Surroundings disturbed

Identify witnesses

Preserve potential physical evidence

Chemical or biological incident, secure and isolate, restaurants or food vendors p. 273

Hazmat (10 decks)

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