Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hazmat > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

Detection monitoring and sampling

1
Q

Reliable measurements of contaminants are necessary for :
Identifying control zones

Choosing appropriate ‘’ methods

Assessing the potential ‘’

Determining need for specific’’

Selecting appropriate ‘’

Selecting appropriate ‘’ methods

A

Choosing appropriate containment methods

Assessing the potential health effects

Determining need for specific medical monitoring

Selecting appropriate PPE/respirator

Selecting appropriate decontamination methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two terms of measurement commonly qualify the concentrations of a substance in the atmosphere or any solution they are

A

Parts per million
Percentage by volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The term ‘’ is usually used to express extremely low concentrations

A

Parts per billion p. 458

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atmospheric hazards generally fall into the following categories x3

A

Oxygen enrichment or deficiency

Flammability ( percentage of flammable gas in the air)

Toxicity ( measured in parts per million of toxic gas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Norma air is composed of approximately:

Oxygen-
Nitrogen
Miscellaneous gases

A

20.9%

78.1%

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen is considered a

A

Oxygen deficient atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An atmosphere containing greater than 23.5% oxygen is considered

A

Oxygen enriched atmosphere p. 459

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An oxygen enrich atmosphere greatly increases. What of any fuel within the space

A

Flammability or explosive potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For combustibility to occur after a fuel converts into a gasous state the fuel must mix with ?

A

Mix with air(oxidizer) in the proper ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LFL is the minimum concentration of ‘’ and’’ that supports combustion. Concentrations below LFL I said to be. ?

A

Fuel vapor/ air

To lean to burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

UFL is the concentration above which combustion ‘’’ concentrations above, the UFL are said to be ?

A

Cannot take place

Too rich to burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to WISER methane, flammable range is approximately

A

5-14 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5% by volume methane equals

A

100% LEl, 5% methane is 100% of the flammable concentration p. 460

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most portable gas detectors will alarm at ‘’ of LEL

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

100 % LEL =
10 % LEL =
1% LEL =

A

5 %
0.5 %
0.05%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ‘’ of a substance is the potential of that substance to cause harm, and is only one factor and determining whether it hazard exists

A

Toxicity p461

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a Typical 4 gas detector detects what ?

A

LEL
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen sulfide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the oxygen is too low, what sensor will not work properly?

A

LEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Toxic compounds primarily work as a function of the dose and the concentration of the compound, this principal termed ‘’’ is a key concept and toxicology

A

Dose – response relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common byproduct of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide p. 462

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Poisons and the measurement of toxicity are often expressed on safety data sheets in terms of ‘’’ form mounted or observed and ‘’’’ for amount inhaled ?

A

Lethal dose
Lethal concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As a general rule, the smaller the value regarding lethal dose/lethal concentration, the more what ‘’’ the substances

A

Toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What indicates the minimum amount of solid or liquid that when ingested, absorbed or injected through the skin will cause death

A

Lethal dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sometimes the lethal dose gets expressed with a percentage, such as LD 50 ( most common) or LD 100 what does the number refer to

A

The percentage of test subjects that died at that dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What units are often qualified Lethal Dose measured in

A

Grams per kilogram
Milligrams per kilogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What indicates the lowest administered dose of a material capable of causing death?

A

Lethal dose low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What indicates the minimum concentration regardless of independent of body weight of an inhaled substance that will kill the test group?( 1-4 hours )

A

Lethal concentration

28
Q

What indicates concentration at the list value killed half of the test group units often qualify in what ?

A

Median lethal concentration

Parts per million
Milligrams per cubic meter p. 464

29
Q

What indicates the lowest concentration of gas or vapor capable of killing a specific species over a specific time?

A

Lethal concentration low or lcl

30
Q

What for an organism indicates the dose of a chemical or substance required to incapacitate that organism

A

Incapacitating dose

31
Q

Incapacitating varies from ?

A

Moderate( unable to see difficulty breathing)
Severe( convulsing)

32
Q

Categories of incapacity doses include

A

ID 50 -
ID 10

33
Q

What’s serves as a average exposure to any hazardous gas in the workplace based on an eight hour workday or 40 hour work week it is the maximum exposure without experiencing significant adverse health effects

A

Time weighted average TWA

34
Q

What is a allowable average exposure over a short period of time typically 15 minutes that should not be exceed more than four times in a day

A

Short term exposure limit STEL

35
Q

What is defined by OSHA as the maximum concentration, healthy adults can be exposed to over a 40 hour work week without adverse effects based on workday

A

Permissible exposure limits PEL

36
Q

What is defined as NIOSH as TWA for up to a 10 hour workday during a 40 hour week

A

Recommended exposure limit
REL

37
Q

what Condition poses an immediate hazard to health respiratory, protection is required

A

Immediate danger to life or health IDLH

38
Q

Detection, monitoring and sampling assist in the following mitigation tasks

A

Identifying hazard
Determining perimeter and scope of the incident
Determining PPE tools and equipment
Check the effectiveness of defense operations
In the effectiveness of Decon ops
Detect leaks from containers or piping systems
Monitors the contamination levels of Decon or runoff p. 465-6

39
Q

As a responder, remember that most gases ‘’’

A

Sink and display air while only a few rise p. 466

40
Q

The knowledge skill and ability of individuals using the instrument determines it’s

A

Effectiveness p. 467

41
Q

Reason they detector may not provide a usable result in an environment include

A

Incorrect use
Below detection of threshold
No instrument response
Calibration
Low battery
Temperature and humidity

42
Q

When responding to an unidentified material. Take a risk base response approach and attempting to identify and characterize the hazard present this includes for

A

Corrosion
Exothermic reactions
Flammables
Oxidizers
Oxygen levels
Radiation
Toxic materials

43
Q

Pay particular attention to low lying areas such as ‘’’’ vapors and gases will likely concentrate

A

Confined spaces and containers p. 469

44
Q

Personnel should document monitoring, detections, and sampling results which include

A

Time of the reading
Location and level of the reading
Reading obtain
Instrument used

45
Q

What is a threshold measurement that triggers an action established by AHJ.. often maybe set by OSHA PEL

A

Action levels

46
Q

When an action level or action point is reached, it may trigger what x4

A

Removal of unprotected or necessary
Additional monitoring
Alteration or adjustment of PPE
Total evacuation p. 470

47
Q

Hazardoussolids will usually not travel far unless ? Responders will typically be protected using what ?’’

A

Blown by wind or dispersed by explosion..

Firefighter protective equipment with SCBA OR NFPA CLASS 3 (OSHA/EPA level B) PPE

48
Q

Hazardous ‘’’ may vaporize and expand rap, potentially travel, great distances and fill low level and confines spaces. responders at these incidents may need to down the highest respiratory and chemical protection equipment before engaging which is PPE

A

Liquids
NFPA class 2 PPE ( OSHA/EPA level B)

49
Q

What can damage and penetrate firefighter protective clothing, and SCB and kill quickly if inhaled ?

A

Corrosive gases

50
Q

At Gas release responders should operate with extreme caution and where

A

NFPA class 1 PPE //EPA level a

51
Q

NFPA class one PPE provides what against fire

A

Very little protection

52
Q

When determining what equipment is used for detection and monitoring operations responder should consider the following

A

Mission of operation
Subjected hazard involved
Instrument reaction
Sensitivity and select
Interference
Training p. 471

53
Q

Considering other factors that may reduce instruments, reliability include

A

The amount of processing time during each use

Effective elements( moisture temperature atmosphere) may have the instrument

54
Q

Most instruments need wide before each use per AHJ ?

A

Calibration

55
Q

What insure sensors function properly for other functions, but it does not test accuracy of the sensor

A

Field test or bump test

56
Q

what is Resetting the memory of an instrument to read normal baseline levels and fresh air

A

Zero

57
Q

Avoid ‘’ the instrument in locations with potential containment

A

Zeroing p. 472 right

58
Q

What measures the amount of flammable vapors and gases in the atmosphere?

A

LEL sensor, also known as a combustible gas indicator

59
Q

Typically devices will sound an alarm at ‘’ of the LEL

A

10%

60
Q

LeL sensor is calibrated to a specific flammable gas commonly

A

Methane
Pentane
Propane
Hexane p.477

61
Q

Factors that influence LEL sensors include

A

Catalyst Poison
Concentration exceeding 100% of LEL
Concentrations exceeding the upper explosive limit
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Oxygen acetylene mixtures

62
Q

Limitations of LEL sensors include

A

Battery power decreasing
Extremely cold weather
Cell phones, magnetic fields, high voltage, lines, radio, and static electricity may interfere with readings
Too little or too much oxygen

63
Q

it’s important to determine if any release material access and oxidizer different types of oxidizers may required different types of detections responders may use ‘’’ that include a reagent to detect organic peroxides..

A

Oxidizer paper strips

64
Q

Organic peroxides can ignite ‘’ in certain materials and they are components of ‘’ ?

A

Explosive polymerization
Homemade explosives

65
Q

Examples of homemade explosives are

A

triacetone triperozides TATP
hexamethylene diamine HMTD p. 478

66
Q

One limitation of test strips is

A

The responder must be close to material in order to use them

67
Q

One percent drop in oxygen is equivalent to’’’ of something else in air

A

50,000 ppm p. 479

Hazmat (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions