chapter 6 Flashcards
an organization that tries to influence the government’s programs and policies
interest group
like an interest group, but focused on trying to influence elected officials
lobby
they can serve either public interests, or members’ interest
interest groups
an interest group organized as an umbrella organization that seeks to coordinate the various actives of members groups in a number of targeted areas
peak association
an incentive to benefit from others’ work without making contribution, prevent some interest from forming effective organization
the free rider problem
those that have no economic self-interest in the policies they pursue
public interest groups
the interest group practice of combining campaign contributions from several sources into one larger contribution from the group, so as to increase the group’s impact on the candidate
bundling
what is the best policy for a lobbyist
honesty
affects policy by appointing officers to head state agencies, and state agencies themselves wield a great deal of power as they award contracts and develop regulations
the governor
actively involved in the appoint process, trying to persuade the governor to select agency heads who are friendly to their interest
lobbyist
administrative agencies carrying out broad public policies, enforcing state laws, providing public services, and managing day-to-day government activities
Implementation
the group most affected by a government agency’s regulations and programs; frequently these interest groups form close alliances with the agency based on mutual support and accommodation
Clientele groups
such as a close alliance that develops between state regulatory agencies and their clientele groups that the regulated have, in effect become the regulators; the interest group has captured such complete control of their regulatory agency that they are essentially self-regulated
Co-optation
the ability to “get in the door” to sit down and talk to public officials
Access
interest groups use their resources to support candidates disposed toward their interests
Electioneering
special interest groups orchestrating demonstrations to give the impression of widespread and spontaneous public support
Astroturfing
lobbying where you have all your members
Shotgun lobbying
lobbying where you take a couple of your members
Rifle lobbying
attempting to influence public policy by participating in the electoral process
Electioneering
former legislators are often employed as lobbyists in this type of fashion
“revolving door” fashion
the practice of public officials or employees abandoning public service for lobbying positions, and subsequently moving from lobbying back to government
“revolving door”
a long-standing alliance among interest groups, legislatures, and bureaucrats held together by mutual self interest that they act as a subsystem in the legislative and administrative decision making process
Iron triangle
dynamic alliances among a wide range of individuals and groups activated by broad public policy questions
issue networks
a mass alliance of like-minded groups and individuals seeking broad changed in the direction of government polices
political movement
contends that iron triangle no longer dominate the policy processes because problems are too complex, issues cut across policy areas, and the increase in the number of “belway” interest groups
Hugh Heclo
who has the advantage over challengers?
Incumbents
case that resulted in new funding structures known as sources of dark money
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
spending to influence elections, public policy, and political discourse, where the source of the money is not disclosed to the public
dark money
occurs when lobbyists lobby one another
cross-lobbying
occurs when members of Congress bring pressure to bear on lobby groups
Reverse lobbying
a groups representative have direct contact with policymakers
Direct lobbying
an interest groups rank and file members try to influence government on issues
Grassroot lobbying
campaign funds given to the winning candidate after the election up to 30 days before the legislature comes into session. Such contributions are designed to curry favor with winning candidates
Late-train contributions
case that has to do with super PACS
SpeechNow.org v Federal Election Commission
can raise unlimited sums, spend unlimited sums, but can not give money to candidates, and cannot coordinate with candidate with how much money spent
Super PAC
guy that said “Public policy consists in authoritative or sanctioned decisions by governmental actors”
Robert Salisbury
time period when blacks get the right to vote
period of reconstruction
$5,000 give to candidate- unlimited to party
PACTS
use of courts
litigation
