chapter 6

Question 1

an organization that tries to influence the government’s programs and policies

Answer 1

interest group

Question 2

like an interest group, but focused on trying to influence elected officials

Answer 2

lobby

Question 3

they can serve either public interests, or members’ interest

Answer 3

interest groups

Question 4

an interest group organized as an umbrella organization that seeks to coordinate the various actives of members groups in a number of targeted areas

Answer 4

peak association

Question 5

an incentive to benefit from others’ work without making contribution, prevent some interest from forming effective organization

Answer 5

the free rider problem

Question 6

those that have no economic self-interest in the policies they pursue

Answer 6

public interest groups

Question 7

the interest group practice of combining campaign contributions from several sources into one larger contribution from the group, so as to increase the group’s impact on the candidate

Answer 7

bundling

Question 8

what is the best policy for a lobbyist

Answer 8

honesty

Question 9

affects policy by appointing officers to head state agencies, and state agencies themselves wield a great deal of power as they award contracts and develop regulations

Answer 9

the governor

Question 10

actively involved in the appoint process, trying to persuade the governor to select agency heads who are friendly to their interest

Answer 10

lobbyist

Question 11

administrative agencies carrying out broad public policies, enforcing state laws, providing public services, and managing day-to-day government activities

Answer 11

Implementation

Question 12

the group most affected by a government agency’s regulations and programs; frequently these interest groups form close alliances with the agency based on mutual support and accommodation

Answer 12

Clientele groups

Question 13

such as a close alliance that develops between state regulatory agencies and their clientele groups that the regulated have, in effect become the regulators; the interest group has captured such complete control of their regulatory agency that they are essentially self-regulated

Answer 13

Co-optation

Question 14

the ability to “get in the door” to sit down and talk to public officials

Answer 14

Access

Question 15

interest groups use their resources to support candidates disposed toward their interests

Answer 15

Electioneering

Question 16

special interest groups orchestrating demonstrations to give the impression of widespread and spontaneous public support

Answer 16

Astroturfing

Question 17

lobbying where you have all your members

Answer 17

Shotgun lobbying

Question 18

lobbying where you take a couple of your members

Answer 18

Rifle lobbying

Question 19

attempting to influence public policy by participating in the electoral process

Answer 19

Electioneering

Question 20

former legislators are often employed as lobbyists in this type of fashion

Answer 20

“revolving door” fashion

Question 21

the practice of public officials or employees abandoning public service for lobbying positions, and subsequently moving from lobbying back to government

Answer 21

“revolving door”

Question 22

a long-standing alliance among interest groups, legislatures, and bureaucrats held together by mutual self interest that they act as a subsystem in the legislative and administrative decision making process

Answer 22

Iron triangle

Question 23

dynamic alliances among a wide range of individuals and groups activated by broad public policy questions

Answer 23

issue networks

Question 24

a mass alliance of like-minded groups and individuals seeking broad changed in the direction of government polices

Answer 24

political movement

Question 25

contends that iron triangle no longer dominate the policy processes because problems are too complex, issues cut across policy areas, and the increase in the number of “belway” interest groups

Answer 25

Hugh Heclo

Question 26

who has the advantage over challengers?

Answer 26

Incumbents

Question 27

case that resulted in new funding structures known as sources of dark money

Answer 27

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

Question 28

spending to influence elections, public policy, and political discourse, where the source of the money is not disclosed to the public

Answer 28

dark money

Question 29

occurs when lobbyists lobby one another

Answer 29

cross-lobbying

Question 30

occurs when members of Congress bring pressure to bear on lobby groups

Answer 30

Reverse lobbying

Question 31

a groups representative have direct contact with policymakers

Answer 31

Direct lobbying

Question 32

an interest groups rank and file members try to influence government on issues

Answer 32

Grassroot lobbying

Question 33

campaign funds given to the winning candidate after the election up to 30 days before the legislature comes into session. Such contributions are designed to curry favor with winning candidates

Answer 33

Late-train contributions

Question 34

case that has to do with super PACS

Answer 34

SpeechNow.org v Federal Election Commission

Question 35

can raise unlimited sums, spend unlimited sums, but can not give money to candidates, and cannot coordinate with candidate with how much money spent

Answer 35

Super PAC

Question 36

guy that said “Public policy consists in authoritative or sanctioned decisions by governmental actors”

Answer 36

Robert Salisbury

Question 37

time period when blacks get the right to vote

Answer 37

period of reconstruction

Question 38

$5,000 give to candidate- unlimited to party

Answer 38

PACTS

Question 39

use of courts

Answer 39

litigation