chapter 4

Question 1

organizations that seek to achieve power by winning office (elections)

Answer 1

political parties

Question 2

political organizations concerned with public policy and involved in the electoral process only to further those policy aims

Answer 2

interest groups

Question 3

according to this model, parties are essential to making the government responsive to public opinion

Answer 3

Responsible Party Model

Question 4

parties should present clear and coherent programs to who?

Answer 4

the voters

Question 5

who holds the government responsible at the next election for executing its program?

Answer 5

the voters

Question 6

they want to win elections so they can pursue their agenda

Answer 6

political parties

Question 7

law that states when using plurality elections + single member districts, it would be a psychological effect on the voter and candidate

Answer 7

Duverger’s Law

Question 8

would rather compromise their principles than lose elections (would do whatever it takes to win)

Answer 8

brokerage parties

Question 9

would rather lose elections than compromise their principles (this is what you believe in, if you don’t like it, join another party)

Answer 9

ideological parties

Question 10

what were the first two American Parties?

Answer 10

The Federalists (Hamilton) and Jeffersonian Republicans

Question 11

occurs when a new party supplants the ruling party, and caused by new issues and new voters (also known as critical elections)

Answer 11

an electoral realignment

Question 12

do Texans typically vote for high number of offices, or low number of offices?

Answer 12

high number of offices

Question 13

due to this, voters choose candidates - not the parties

Answer 13

primary elections

Question 14

50% + 1 vote

Answer 14

majority elections

Question 15

most votes wins

Answer 15

plurality elections

Question 16

single member districts have how many parties

Answer 16

2 parties

Question 17

who writes election rules

Answer 17

state legislatures

Question 18

who is associated with cartel parties

Answer 18

Peter Mair

Question 19

we have always been dominated by how many parties?

Answer 19

2 parties

Question 20

how many critical elections are there in history so far? what are they?

Answer 20

4 critical elections; 1860, 1896, 1932, 1968

Question 21

what’s important about the 1860 election?

Answer 21

slavery

Question 22

what’s important about the 1896 election?

Answer 22

Bi-Metalism

Question 23

what’s important about the 1932 election?

Answer 23

state/local government vs. federal government

Question 24

whats important about the 1968 election?

Answer 24

breakup of the solid south

Question 25

most people start to have an idea about which party they are affiliated with at what age?

Answer 25

8 years old

Question 26

primary election where you can vote for either party

Answer 26

open primary

Question 27

primary election where you vote only for the party your registered with

Answer 27

closed primary

Question 28

primary election where there is no majority and the top 2 candidates advance

Answer 28

Runoff primary

Question 29

type of voting where you only vote for one party

Answer 29

straight ticket voting

Question 30

type of voting where you vote for different parties

Answer 30

split ticket voting

Question 31

who has the lowest vote turnouts in Texas?

Answer 31

Latinos

Question 32

for nearly a century after the Civil War, which party dominated southern politics?

Answer 32

The Democratic Party

Question 33

an identifiable subgroup within a political party

Answer 33

Faction

Question 34

states that its ideology is a mix of liberalism and conservatism, and corresponds to what is called liberal conservatism

Answer 34

moderate

Question 35

variously defined as a voter who votes for candidates on issues rather than on the basis of a political ideology or partisanship

Answer 35

independent

Question 36

platform where voters can get a better sense of what the party stands for

Answer 36

party platform

Question 37

what is becoming more pronounced in the Texas legislature?

Answer 37

Partisan polarization

Question 38

occurs in our early years

Answer 38

political socialization

Question 39

Texans are increasingly identifying as what?

Answer 39

independent

Question 40

in general, cities are mostly what party, and rural areas are which party?

Answer 40

democrat; republican

Question 41

which race mostly made the switch from democrat to republican

Answer 41

white voters

Question 42

perform functions through party organization, party in the electorate, and party in the government

Answer 42

political parties

Question 43

consists of people who identify with the party and consider themselves members (the voter)

Answer 43

Party in the electorate

Question 44

political party’s mechanism for establishing cooperation among separate branches of government (representative)

Answer 44

Party in the government

Question 45

whichever party wins the presidential election, they seem to be more successful

Answer 45

Coat-tails

Question 46

off year elections that are dedicated to voting for congress members

Answer 46

midterm elections

Question 47

which state employs a “first past the post” single member district electoral system

Answer 47

Texas

Question 48

a term used to describe a voting pattern in which voters vote Republican for president and Democrat for state offices

Answer 48

Presidential Republicanism