chapter 12 Flashcards
a general plan of action adopted by government to solve a social problem, counter a threat, or pursue an objective
public policy
means by which government pursues certain goals within specific situations
public policy
all important decisions are made by the chosen few
Elite Theory
political resources are so scattered that no single group could ever gain a monopoly. In any given political controversy, all participants get something (Robert Dahl)
Pluralistic Theory
Punish a party for a change in behavior, but not militarily
sanctions
what are the four stages of policymaking
Agenda setting, policy formation, implementation, policy evaluation
street level bureaucrat
Lipsky
the idea that we have clearly identified goals and that we seek to achieve these goals in an optimal or efficient manner
Rationality
the Texas Constitution called for what?
segregation
which race had fewer school days
black students
what was the funding for black students
one-third less funding than white students
legislation passed in 1949 that increased state funding and established the Texas Education Agency (TEA)
Gilmer-Aikin laws
which case involved the constitutionality of using property taxes to fund public schools
San Antonio v. Rodriguez
plan where funds were to be transferred from rich to poor districts
Robin Hood plan
increase competition and student and parental choice
vouchers
are private companies that have a charter (contract) with the government to provide education services
charter schools
one long-term policy issue in Texas has been how to provide for the poor; It raises a fundamental question about the state’s role in helping people in poverty and how policies influence the state’s response
Welfare Policy
in 2019, what percentage of Texans lived below the poverty line?
13.6 percent (3.8 million people)
the promotion of individual welfare through government policies is controversial because it requires the government to choose between freedom and equality. (redistribution of wealth)
Social Welfare
honest laborers suffering from an accidental misfortune
deserving poor
those able to work, but unwilling to, or morally unfit
undeserving poor
which act transformed welfare policy in the US
The Social Security Act of 1935
the Social Security Act of 1935 created which 2 welfare categories
contributory and non-contributory
welfare category that includes old age insurance or Social Security, Medicare for seniors, and unemployment
Contributory
welfare category including public assistance to the needy
non-contributory
which 2 groups benefit from non-contributory programs
children, and the elderly
a procedure by which potential beneficiaries of a public assistance program establish their eligibility by demonstrating a genuine need for the assistance
means testing
percentage of families that receive welfare that also work
71.3%
argued that political elite could keep things off the political agenda (has to do with Elite Theory)
Bachrach and Barantz
pluralistic theory is driven by what?
compromise
makes the argument that problem streams, policy streams, and political streams all come together (streams of agenda setting)
John Kingdon
what is the #1 reason for a voucher?
parental choice
what is the difference between Medicaid and Medicare
Medicaid deals with kids, and Medicare deals with the elderly
no cash (S.N.A.P)
In-kind
