chapter 13

Question 1

a practice area concerned with legal issues involving family relationships, such as adoption, divorce, and child custody

Answer 1

family law

Question 2

a legal process that deals with the assets and debts left behind after someone dies. What kind of court is this supervised by?

Answer 2

probate law; probate court

Question 3

a serious criminal offense that subjects a person to fines or imprisonment

Answer 3

felony

Question 4

a minor criminal offense usually punishable by a small fine or short jail sentence

Answer 4

misdemeanor

Question 5

a suspension of the prison sentence and community supervision; the defendant must meet requirements imposed by the court

Answer 5

probation

Question 6

a release after serving some prison time, under specified rules and under the supervision of its officer

Answer 6

parole

Question 7

an amount of money given to a court to allow a prisoner to leave jail and return later for a trial

Answer 7

bail

Question 8

in some counties, an elected official who prosecutes misdemeanor cases

Answer 8

County attorney

Question 9

a public official who prosecutes the more serious criminal cases in district court

Answer 9

district attorney

Question 10

private lawyers, paid by the county, who are appointed by judges to provide legal representation for poor people

Answer 10

assigned counsel

Question 11

a salaried lawyer, funded by the government or grants, who represent poor people

Answer 11

public defender

Question 12

percent of court appointed lawyers in misdemeanor cases

Answer 12

47% incarcerated

Question 13

percent of retained lawyers in misdemeanor cases

Answer 13

28% incarcerated

Question 14

percent of court appointed lawyers in felony cases

Answer 14

42% incarcerated

Question 15

percent of retained lawyers in felony cases

Answer 15

22% incarcerated

Question 16

case that focused on issues of crowding, security and supervision, health care, discipline, and access to the courts (dealt with Texas prisoners)

Answer 16

Ruiz v. Estelle

Question 17

in 2020, what was the number of prison inmates per 100,000 of the of population in Texas?

Answer 17

608

Question 18

What rank is Texas in incarceration rates and crimes committed

Answer 18

5th in incarceration rate, and 16th in crimes committed

Question 19

which state ranks first in incarceration rate?

Answer 19

Louisiana

Question 20

which state has more verified wrong convections than any other state

Answer 20

Texas

Question 21

the courts focused on the arbitrary nature with which death sentences have been imposed, often indicating a racial bias against black defendants

Answer 21

Furman vs Georgia (1972)

Question 22

the court enunciated the “exclusionary rule” to prevent policy and prosecutors from using evidence that had been obtained from warrantless and unreasonable searches

Answer 22

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Question 23

a plea indicating a defendant’s decision not to contest a criminal charge

Answer 23

Nolo Contendere

Question 24

which amendment says “I have the right not to incriminate myself” (forbids double jeopardy)

Answer 24

5th Amendment

Question 25

suspect must explicitly invoke their rights - not just remain silent. After 3 hours, the answer was “yes”

Answer 25

Berghuis v Thompkins (2010)

Question 26

the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense

Answer 26

double jeopardy

Question 27

double jeopardy didn’t apply to the states until what year and after which trial?

Answer 27

1964, Benton vs Maryland

Question 28

the court mandated that prior to questioning, a suspect must be informed of her or his constitutional rights such as the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney

Answer 28

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Question 29

case that said you have the right to a lawyer in a felony case

Answer 29

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Question 30

provides that the accused must have a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury

Answer 30

6th amendment

Question 31

case where the court allowed the execution of a convicted murderer who had the intelligence of a 7-year-old

Answer 31

Penry v Lenaugh (1989)

Question 32

case where the court allowed the execution of a minor who had been convicted of murder

Answer 32

Sanford v Kentucky (1989)

Question 33

case that overturned Penry v Lenaugh

Answer 33

Atkins vs Virginia

Question 34

case that overturned Sanford v Kentucky

Answer 34

Roper v Simmons

Question 35

in Texas, who may vote upon full discharge of sentences

Answer 35

ex-felons

Question 36

these are granted by the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles

Answer 36

pardons

Question 37

how many people consists of the grand jury

Answer 37

12 people

Question 38

an agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty

Answer 38

plea bargain

Question 39

which city ranks #1 in murder rate?

Answer 39

Jackson Mississippi

Question 40

crime with highest clearance rate is what?

Answer 40

murder

Question 41

amendment that has to do with search and seizure

Answer 41

4th amendment