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Texas Government > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

make own policy, raise own money, not subordinate to other governments

A

free standing government

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2
Q

perform a broad range of functions (counties, municipalities)

A

general purpose

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3
Q

carry out narrowly defined functions (school districts, special districts)

A

special purpose

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4
Q

originally had to have legislative permission - this was too much of a problem

A

ease of incorporation

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5
Q

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision (allows voters to make policy)

A

referendum

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6
Q

District that supports economic development and tourism (Disney World)

A

Reedy Creek Improvement District

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7
Q

laws enacted by the governing body of a municipality to regulate such matters as building construction, land use practices, and driving habits

A

city ordinance

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8
Q

the state was able to block ordinances that contradicted its hands-off approach to regulation

A

preemption

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9
Q

less than 5,000 inhabitants; has only those governmental structures and powers specifically granted by state law

A

General-Law City

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10
Q

general-law cities are bound by this rule; it is the legal principle that a city can exercise only those powers expressly allowed by state law

A

Dillon’s Rule

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11
Q

a city with 5,000 or more inhabitants may elect to become this; allows them to take any action not prohibited by state or federal law or the constitutions of the US and the state of Texas

A

Home-Rule City

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12
Q

Texas cities are classified as either ____ or _____ cities

A

general law or home-rule cities

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13
Q

a process allows citizens to propose or initiate a statute or constitutional amendment (usually through a petition)

A

Initiative

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14
Q

an election, called by petition, that permits voters to remove an elected official before the officials term expires

A

Recall

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15
Q

voters elect a mayor as the chief executive of the city and a council that serves as a legislative body

A

Mayor-Council Form

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16
Q

Cities differ in the amount of power the mayor enjoys

A

Strong or Weak-Mayor Forms

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17
Q

mayor is the foremost figure - both political leader and city’s chief administrator; prepares the budget, enjoys a veto over council actions, hires and fires department heads, and essentially runs city government

A

Strong Mayor-Council Form

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18
Q

political authority is fragmented because the mayor shares power with the council and other elected officials

A

Weak Mayor-Council Form

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19
Q

a city manager to act as the chief executive of the city

A

Council Manager Form

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20
Q

In Texas, all city elections are what?

A

nonpartisan

21
Q

every citizen of a political subdivision, such as a state or county, votes to select a public official

A

At-Large Election System

22
Q

a political subdivision, such as a state or city, is divided into districts, with each district electing one official

A

District Election System

23
Q

an election system in which candidates for city council run citywide and the top vote are elected to fill the number of open seats

A

Pure-at-large system

24
Q

an election system in which each candidate runs citywide for a specific seat on the council and voters cast one vote for each seat or place

A

At-large place system

25
Q

about how many Texas cities have term limits

A

60

26
Q

allows individual voters to cast more than one ballot in the simultaneous election of several officials

A

Cumulative Election System

27
Q

federal law designed to protect the voting rights of racial and ethnic minorities

A

Voting Rights Act (VRA)

28
Q

enhance the economic position of a community in its competition with other communities

A

Developmental Policies

29
Q

benefit low-income residence of an area

A

Redistributive Policies

30
Q

program that are more or less neutral in their impact on the local economy

A

Allocational Policies

31
Q

revenue sources for Texas cities property are also known as what?

A

ad valorem property tax

32
Q

a city extends its geographic boundaries by taking in adjacent unincorporated areas

A

Annexation

33
Q

what are the 3 main reasons why cities annex?

A

Political benefits, Prevent encirclement, Protect financial health

34
Q

political power is held by a small group of people who dominate politics by controlling economic resources

A

Elite Theory (Elitism)

35
Q

diverse groups of elites with differing interest compete with one another to control policy in various issue areas

A

Pluralist Theory (Pluralism)

36
Q

this person has to do with the Pluralist Theory

A

Robert Dahl

37
Q

how many counties does Texas have?

A

254

38
Q

board of directors for county government composed of four county commissioners and the county judge

A

Commissioners Court

39
Q

the county judge is the presiding judge in the constitutional county court; he/she also presides in the commissioners court

A

Presiding Official

40
Q

a specific type of specific district that provides public education in a designated area

A

School District

41
Q

any special district other than a school district (MUD’s, hospital districts, community college district, etc)

A

Non-school Special District

42
Q

units of local government that provide a single or closely related services that are not provided by general-purpose county or municipal governments

A

Special Districts

43
Q

who created the area to be the special district & granted limited taxation powers

A

voters

44
Q

what percent of eligible voters cast ballots in special district elections

A

10%

45
Q

provide an advantageous approach to solving problems that transcend the boundaries of existing of units of local government

A

reasons for special districts

46
Q

what do most districts require before they can go into operation

A

voter approval of area residents

47
Q

have no initiative to spend money on people

A

the states

48
Q

district that had a secret referendum to charge school districts so they don’t have to pay for black schools

A

Kinloch School Districts

Texas Government (13 decks)

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