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Intro To PT > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How are medical ethics and medical law the same?

A

-Share the goal of creating and maintaining social good.
-Both are dynamic and are in a constant state of change due to new laws being created.

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2
Q

Ethics

A

A system of moral principles or standards governing a person.

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3
Q

Morals

A

-basis for ethical conduct.
-an individuals own belief of what is right and wrong
-culture-based and time dependent

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4
Q

Medical ethics

A

-A system of principles governing medical conduct.
-how healthcare providers conduct themselves in their professional undertakings.

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5
Q

Where are physical therapy ethics derived from?

A

-APTA

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6
Q

Medical Law

A

-Establishment of social rules for conduct.
-A violation in the medical law may create criminal and civil liability.

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7
Q

Can healthcare providers influence legal standards?

A

-yes because most laws are created by looking at policy statements of professional organizations.

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8
Q

What would be a violation of this law by a PTA?

A

If a PTA were to represent themselves as a PT.

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9
Q

What are the 6 fundamental biomedical ethical principles healthcare providers are guided by?

A

1) Beneficence
2) Nonmaleficence
3) Justice
4) Veracity
5) Confidentiality
6) Autonomy

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10
Q

Beneficence

A
  • Ethical principles that emphasizes doing best for the patient.
    -Duty is to promote the health and welfare of the patient above anything else
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11
Q

EX of beneficence in PT

A

-showing concern for the physical and psychological welfare of their patients and clients.

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12
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

-Ethical principle that exhorts practitioners to not do anything that causes harm to a patient.

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13
Q

Who was the first to express ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence?

A

-Hippocrates in his Hippocratic Oath.

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14
Q

EX of a breach of nonmaleficence in PT

A

-Exploiting patients financially by selling the patient an unnecessary assistive device or one at an inflated price.

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15
Q

Justice

A

Ethical principle that mandates that a healthcare provider distribute fair and equal treatment to every patient.

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16
Q

EX of justice in PT

A

Advocating to legislators and insurance companies the need to provide and improve access to healthcare services for all individuals.

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17
Q

Veracity

A

Ethical principle that binds the healthcare provider and the patient in a relationship to tell the truth.

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18
Q

EX of breach of veracity in PT

A

A PTA identifying themselves as a PT

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19
Q

Confidentiality

A

-Ethical principle that requires a healthcare provider to maintain privacy by not sharing information about the patient.
-Considered a fundamental ethical principle in healthcare.

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20
Q

Confidentiality can be breached only if…

A

-there is a clear threat to the well-being of the patient
or another person,
or the health of the public may be compromised.

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21
Q

A patients written authorization for release of information is required for the following:

A

-patients attorney or insurance company
-patients employer
-member of patients family

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22
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)

A

-created in 1996
-created additional patient confidentiality considerations
-training every year

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23
Q

Health of information technology for economic and clinical health act

A

-passed in 2009
-law describes how electronic data must be safeguarded under the HIPPA regulations

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24
Q

HIPPA’s privacy rule

A

-applied to health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and healthcare providers
-Created rules to protect individuals medical records and other personal health information.
-also gives rights to patients to ask for a copy of their health information.

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25
Q

This rule does not what?

A

Replace federal, state, or even other laws that provide individuals with even greater privacy protection.

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26
Q

Covered entities

A

Healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses

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27
Q

If the covered agrees to add more private protection for its patient it is bounded by what?

A

HIPPA

28
Q

Protected health insurance

A

-individuals health information in any form

29
Q

Notice of privacy practices

A
  • states that an individual has a right to adequate notice of how a covered entity may use and disclose the individuals PHI.

-notice of privacy must be given to patient on first date of service delivery, involving face-to face exchange.

30
Q

EX;s of reasonable safeguards that a covered entity needs to implement:

A

-avoid using the patients name in public hallways
-speaking quietly when discussing patients condition in waiting room to patient
-when making private phone calls, verify identity of person you are speaking to.
-leaving limited voice mail information
-locking file cabinets
-requiring additional passwords

31
Q

A sign in sheet should not include?

A

reason for visit

32
Q

Personal representatives of patients/clinets

A

-in situations where the patient/client is not capable of exercising his or her privacy rights.,
-the patient/client designates another individual to act on their behalf

33
Q

EX of marketing of PHI

A

-the OT selling the patients name to a company that sells therapeutic gel

34
Q

Who administers password protection during security of electronic PHI?

A

-computer engineers

35
Q

who oversees and enforces HIPPAs privacy rule?

A

-DHHS office for civil rights

36
Q

what happens if HIPPAs privacy rule is broken?

A

-civil sanction (fines, no personal gain)
-criminal sanction (monetary penalties and jail time).

37
Q

Who receives a complaint about a covered entity?

A

Centers for Medicare and Medicad Services (CMS)
-they notify the entity and give them the chance to fix the problem, if not then they are fined

38
Q

Autonomy

A

ethical principle that in healthcare means a form of personal liberty or self-governance
-A PATIENT HAS CONTROL OVER HIS OR HER OWN LIFE

39
Q

EX of autonomy in PT

A

PT’s obligation not to restrict the patients freedom to select their provider of pt services

40
Q

Patients Bill of Rights

A

-first adopted by American Hospital Association in 1973.

41
Q

what is the first guideline in the patients bill or rights?

A

patients right to considerate and respectful care

42
Q

Cultural competence

A

Means that patients who are racially, ethically, culturally diverse have the same right as other patients to receive effective, and respectful care.

43
Q

The development of cultural competence depends more on what then specific knowledge of culture?

A

attitude

44
Q

How many national standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate services are there from the DHHS office of minority health?

A

14

45
Q

In PT, who supports the standards, promoting the incorporation of cultural and linguistic competence in school curriculum?

A

CAPTE

46
Q

What are the steps in becoming culturally competence for PT/PTAs?

A

-identifying personal cultural basis
-understanding cultural differences
-accepting and respecting cultural differences
-applying cultural understanding

47
Q

Ethnocentrisim

A

act of judging another culture based upon ones own cultural customs

48
Q

3rd principle of the patients bill of rights

A

-informed consent.

49
Q

elements of informed consent to be discussed with patient

A

-nature of procedure
-reasonable alternatives
-risks, benefits
-assessment of patient understanding
-patients acceptance

50
Q

Presumed or implied consent

A

-used in emergency situations where the healthcare provider is to act on the patients behalf and use the principle of beneficence

51
Q

how many principles are there in the guide for professional conduct for PTs?

A

11

52
Q

how many standards are there for PTAs developed by APTA?

A

8

53
Q

RIPS (realm individual process-situation model of ethical decision making

A

a four step process on not just what to do , but why when confronting ethical dilemmas
1)investigate the situation
2)reflect
3)make a decision
4)implement, evaluate, and reassess

54
Q

APTAs definition of professionlism

A

a systemic and integrated set of core values

55
Q

8 value based behaviors for the PTA

A

1)altruism
2)caring and compassion
3)continuing competence
4)duty
5)integrity
6)PT/PTA collaboration
7)responsibility
8)social responsibilty

56
Q

Altruism

A

placing patients needs ahead of PTs/PTAs self interest

57
Q

EX of altruism

A

-providing pro-bono services
-providing services to underrepresented populations

58
Q

Ex of continuing competence

A

-personal self assessment
-creating personal goal
-plan for future career advancement

59
Q

duty

A

the commitment to provide effective physical therapy services to patients

60
Q

Integrity

A

steadfast adherence to high ethical principles or professional standards

61
Q

responsibility

A

active acceptance of the roles

62
Q

EX of responsibility

A

-understanding personal strengths and weaknesses

-communicating clearly

63
Q

Fraud

A

obtaining something that one is not entitled to through deception or misrepresentation, IT IS INTENTIONAL

64
Q

Waste

A

defined as unnecessary costs or treatment

65
Q

abuse

A

payment for services that a provider is not entitled to but is done unintentionally

66
Q

What did the APTA create the Center for Integrity in Practice as part of their integrity?

A

Grew out of recognition of fraud, waste, and abuse.

Intro To PT (25 decks)

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