Chapter 6

Question 1

Hydrolysis bonds between its phosphate groups can be used to power endergonic (energy-consuming) reactions

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

ATP stands for

Answer 2

adenosine triphosphate

Question 3

A process that synthesizes and assembles the subunits of macromolecules, using energy from ATP

Answer 3

Anabolism

Question 4

A process that harvests energy released during the breakdown of compounds such as glucose using it to synthesize ATP

Answer 4

Catabolism

Question 5

Metabolic process that transfers electrons stripped from a chemical energy source to an electron transport chain, generating a proton motive force to be used in making ATP

Answer 5

Cellular respiration

Question 6

Typically a protein, functions as a catalyst to speed up biological reactions

Answer 6

Enzyme

Question 7

Metabolic process that stops short of oxidizing glucose or other organic compounds completely, using an organic intermediate as the last electron acceptor.

Answer 7

Fermentation

Question 8

Synthesis of ATP using energy of a proton motive force created by harvesting chemical energy (ATP synthases, an enzyme, catalyzes the reaction)

Answer 8

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 9

Sum of chemical reactions

Answer 9

metabolism

Question 10

Gets energy from degrading organic compounds and uses that energy to make other organic compounds. Depend on autotrophs.

Answer 10

Chemoorganotrophs (also known as chemoautotrophs

Question 11

Chemoorganotrophs generate energy through a series of __________ reactions

Answer 11

Oxidation-Reduction

Question 12

NAD, FAD, NADP are….

Answer 12

Co-enzymes

Question 13

Enzymes _______ the energy potential of a reaction

Answer 13

lower

Question 14

Factors that influence enzymatic functioning:

Answer 14

Temperature, pH, inhibitors (competitive and non-competitive)

Question 15

_________ inhibitors bing at the active site and block other substrates from binding to the enzymes

Answer 15

Competitive

Question 16

________ inhibitors alter the shape of the active site of an enzyme but don’t themselves block the active site.

Answer 16

non-competitive

Question 17

When molecule A loses (or transfers) an electron to molecule B, A becomes ________ and B becomes __________.

This often occurs when an organic molecule that includes two H atoms transfers H+ (proton) and H (e-) to an electron carrier such as NAD+ —> NADH + H+

Answer 17

Oxidized, reduced (LEO GER)

Question 18

abatement

Answer 18

the ending, reduction, or lessening of something. Tax abatements.