Chapter 6 Flashcards
Microbial Metabolism
Hydrolysis bonds between its phosphate groups can be used to power endergonic (energy-consuming) reactions
ATP
ATP stands for
adenosine triphosphate
A process that synthesizes and assembles the subunits of macromolecules, using energy from ATP
Anabolism
A process that harvests energy released during the breakdown of compounds such as glucose using it to synthesize ATP
Catabolism
Metabolic process that transfers electrons stripped from a chemical energy source to an electron transport chain, generating a proton motive force to be used in making ATP
Cellular respiration
Typically a protein, functions as a catalyst to speed up biological reactions
Enzyme
Metabolic process that stops short of oxidizing glucose or other organic compounds completely, using an organic intermediate as the last electron acceptor.
Fermentation
Synthesis of ATP using energy of a proton motive force created by harvesting chemical energy (ATP synthases, an enzyme, catalyzes the reaction)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Sum of chemical reactions
metabolism
Gets energy from degrading organic compounds and uses that energy to make other organic compounds. Depend on autotrophs.
Chemoorganotrophs (also known as chemoautotrophs
Chemoorganotrophs generate energy through a series of __________ reactions
Oxidation-Reduction
NAD, FAD, NADP are….
Co-enzymes
Enzymes _______ the energy potential of a reaction
lower
Factors that influence enzymatic functioning:
Temperature, pH, inhibitors (competitive and non-competitive)
_________ inhibitors bing at the active site and block other substrates from binding to the enzymes
Competitive
________ inhibitors alter the shape of the active site of an enzyme but don’t themselves block the active site.
non-competitive
When molecule A loses (or transfers) an electron to molecule B, A becomes ________ and B becomes __________.
This often occurs when an organic molecule that includes two H atoms transfers H+ (proton) and H (e-) to an electron carrier such as NAD+ —> NADH + H+
Oxidized, reduced (LEO GER)
abatement
the ending, reduction, or lessening of something. Tax abatements.