Chapter 1

Question 1

The belief that life forms like worms arose from non-living things

Answer 1

Spontaneous generation

Question 2

The scientist in 1668 who challenged spontaneous generation by covering meat with gauze to prevent flies from depositing their eggs, which would result in maggots

Answer 2

Francesco Redi

Question 3

The chemist who, in 1861, trapped microorganisms in a cotton plug, examined them through a microscope, and added them to steril broth- which subsequently became cloudy. Demonstrated swan-necked flasks stayed sterile even when open to the air.

Answer 3

Louis Pasteur

Question 4

Theory of the production of living things from other living things

Answer 4

Biogenesis

Question 5

The scientist who explained conflicting data. Hay contained heat-resistant forms of microorganisms which meant it needed to be heated for over 5 hours to become sterilized.

Answer 5

John Tyndall

Question 6

Heat-resistant forms of some bacteria

Answer 6

Endospores

Question 7

Theory definition:

Answer 7

-extensive amount of experimental evidence to support a hypothesis

Question 8

community of microorganisms, as well as their genetic information, in a given environment

Answer 8

Microbiome

Question 9

Genetic variant within a species

Answer 9

strain

Question 10

Spherical shaped bacteria

Answer 10

Cocci

Question 11

Rod-shaped or cylindrical-shaped bacteria

Answer 11

Bacilli

Question 12

Short, curved rod bacteria

Answer 12

Vibrios

Question 13

Spiral shaped bacteria

Answer 13

Spirilla

Question 14

Long, spiral-shaped bacteria with a flexible cell wall and unique mechanism for motility

Answer 14

Spirochetes

Question 15

Attributed to creating the first compound microscope

Answer 15

Janssen

Question 16

Compound microscopes have:

Answer 16

Ocular lens and objective lens

Question 17

______ ______. When methylene blue or crystal violet is used to dye bacteria to determine shape and arrangement

Answer 17

simple stain

Question 18

Located below the microscope stage and contains a lens for focusing the light rays of the specimen and an iris diaphragm

Answer 18

condenser

Question 19

An adjustable opening that regulates the amount of light illuminating the specimen

Answer 19

Iris

Question 20

Rotating lenses that magnify the items from the slide, such as 10x and 40 x

Answer 20

Objective lens

Question 21

Eyepiece looked through to view the microscope specimen (has a 10x magnification)

Answer 21

Ocular lens

Question 22

three microbes that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living

Answer 22

prions, viruses, viroids

Question 23

gelatinous material that surrounds some microorganisms

Answer 23

capsule

Question 24

anthropogenic

Answer 24

changes in the environment cause by human intervention (direct or non-direct)