Chapter 3 Flashcards
Microscopy & Cell Structure
VERY resistant dormant cells produced by some types of bacteria when put in sub-optimal conditions
Endospores
Bacteria with cell walls that have a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by outer membrane. Stains pink.
Gram-negative
gelatinous material that surrounds some microorganisms
capsule
Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan, stains purple
Gram-positive
Molecule making up the outer layer of the outer membrane of Gram-neg bacteria
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Macromolecule providing strength to the cell wall of bacteria
peptidoglycan
a gel-like material that fills the region b/ween cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane of Gram-neg bacteria (and of some gram-positive bacteria)
periplasm
Structures on the cell’s surface that allow them to adhere to some materials. Some types involved in DNA transfer
Pili
Smaller, round DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome
plasmid
Structure involved in photosynthesis
Rubosome
_____ cytoplasmic membranes have phospholipids that are not fatty acids. (different chemical linkage)
Archaeal
Selective permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane means that _____ and ______ travel freely through it. Water passes through with the use of aquaporins.
gas, small hydrophobic compounds
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. (when concentrations of solute on two sides of a membrane are unequal)
Osmosis
A set of protein complexes as part of the energy-transforming process, located in the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotic cells. Results in protons moved out of the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis by preventing the cross-linking (inhibits enzymes that catalyze cross-linking)
Penicillin
Found in tears and saliva, it breaks bonds that link glycan chains, destroying the integrity of peptidoglycan. Effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
Lysozyme
A polymer-encased community of microbes. Capsules and slime layers adhering bacteria to themselves and specific surfaces (like teeth or rocks)
Biofilm
Flagella that are distributed all over the cell
Peritrichous
One single flagellum is known as
polar
The staining process used to detect a small group of organisms that do not readily take up dies. Examples include the genus Mycobacterium (uncl. tuberculosis )
Acid-fast
A simple staining process that uses negatively charged dies which are repelled by the cells. This colors the background but not the cells. This can be done with a wet mount, avoiding the distortion of heat-fix
Negative
Stain used to identify the dormant structures made by certain bacteria. Cells will be pink and endospores will be green
Endospore
