Chapter 3

Question 1

VERY resistant dormant cells produced by some types of bacteria when put in sub-optimal conditions

Answer 1

Endospores

Question 2

Bacteria with cell walls that have a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by outer membrane. Stains pink.

Answer 2

Gram-negative

Question 3

gelatinous material that surrounds some microorganisms

Answer 3

capsule

Question 4

Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan, stains purple

Answer 4

Gram-positive

Question 5

Molecule making up the outer layer of the outer membrane of Gram-neg bacteria

Answer 5

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 6

Macromolecule providing strength to the cell wall of bacteria

Answer 6

peptidoglycan

Question 7

a gel-like material that fills the region b/ween cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane of Gram-neg bacteria (and of some gram-positive bacteria)

Answer 7

periplasm

Question 8

Structures on the cell’s surface that allow them to adhere to some materials. Some types involved in DNA transfer

Answer 8

Pili

Question 9

Smaller, round DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome

Answer 9

plasmid

Question 10

Structure involved in photosynthesis

Answer 10

Rubosome

Question 11

_____ cytoplasmic membranes have phospholipids that are not fatty acids. (different chemical linkage)

Answer 11

Archaeal

Question 12

Selective permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane means that _____ and ______ travel freely through it. Water passes through with the use of aquaporins.

Answer 12

gas, small hydrophobic compounds

Question 13

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. (when concentrations of solute on two sides of a membrane are unequal)

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

A set of protein complexes as part of the energy-transforming process, located in the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotic cells. Results in protons moved out of the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.

Answer 14

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 15

Interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis by preventing the cross-linking (inhibits enzymes that catalyze cross-linking)

Answer 15

Penicillin

Question 16

Found in tears and saliva, it breaks bonds that link glycan chains, destroying the integrity of peptidoglycan. Effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

Answer 16

Lysozyme

Question 17

A polymer-encased community of microbes. Capsules and slime layers adhering bacteria to themselves and specific surfaces (like teeth or rocks)

Answer 17

Biofilm

Question 18

Flagella that are distributed all over the cell

Answer 18

Peritrichous

Question 19

One single flagellum is known as

Answer 19

polar

Question 20

The staining process used to detect a small group of organisms that do not readily take up dies. Examples include the genus Mycobacterium (uncl. tuberculosis )

Answer 20

Acid-fast

Question 21

A simple staining process that uses negatively charged dies which are repelled by the cells. This colors the background but not the cells. This can be done with a wet mount, avoiding the distortion of heat-fix

Answer 21

Negative

Question 22

Stain used to identify the dormant structures made by certain bacteria. Cells will be pink and endospores will be green

Answer 22

Endospore