Ch 14 - Innate Immune System

Question 1

Apoptosis

Answer 1

Induced cell death

Question 2

Interferons

Answer 2

Inhibit viral replication

Synthesized when a cell’s PRR detects viral dsRNA and are released from the cell. Bind to neighboring cells and signal the cells to synthesize iAVP (inactive viral proteins). When those cells are infected by viroids, the iAVP turns to AVP which induces cell death. Result: prevents viral spread

Question 3

Series of protein in blood and tissue fluids that can be activated to help destroy and remove invading microbes

Answer 3

Complement system

Question 4

Chemical messengers: they enable communication among host cells to activate defenses

Answer 4

Cytokines

Question 5

Innate response with the purpose of containing a site of damage, localizing the response,eliminating the invader and restoring tissue function

Answer 5

Inflammatory response

Question 6

A type of immune cell that specializes in engulfing and digesting microbes and cell debris (phagocytosis). They are a type of white blood cell and examples are macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils

Answer 6

Phagocyte

Question 7

PRR (pattern recognition receptors)

Answer 7

Proteins in or on cells that recognize specific compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage

Question 8

Innate defenses: think high-security building

Answer 8

1. First line: prevents entry - security walls and barbed wire (skin, mucous and anti microbial substances like tears or saliva)
2. Sensor systems: detect damage/invasion - security cameras (PRR, complement system)
3. Innate effector actions: eliminate invader - security teams (phagocytosis, interferon ->antiviral proteins, complement activation, inflammation, fever)

Question 9

_________ tag microbes for phagocytosis. They include complement component C3b and antibody molecules (they are the other side of Velcro for the phagocytes)

Answer 9

Opsonins

Question 10

Macrophages, giant cells, T cells form a concentrated group around foreign material to wall them off and prevent them from spreading. Thisis known as a

Answer 10

Granuloma (part of the disease process of Tuberculosis)

Question 11

Phagocyte: always present in tissues, can be activated to have more power, long-lived

Answer 11

Macrophages

Question 12

Phagocyte: highly reactive, short-lived, must be recruited to the site of damage. Releases granules

Answer 12

Neutrophil

Question 13

Opsonization

Answer 13

Used opsonins to tag foreign pathogens to be eaten (phagocytosis)

Question 14

Diapedesis

Answer 14

Increasing passage of white blood (leukocytes) cells into infection site (leaky blood vessels)