Chapter 6 Flashcards by Amy Bruneau

Which of these is not part of the skeletal system?
	 ligaments
	 cartilage
	 bones
	 tendons

tendons

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Which of these is a primary role of the skeletal system?
muscle attachment site
calcium homeostasis
leverage
All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system.

All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system.

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The patella is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 long
	 short
	 sesamoid
	 flat

sesamoid

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The shaft of a long bone is also called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 epiphysis
	 metaphysis
	 diaphysis
	 medullary cavity

diaphysis

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A vertebra is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 irregular
	 short
	 flat
	 dense

irregular

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The end of a long bone is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 epiphysis
	 metaphysis
	 diaphysis
	 callus

epiphysis

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The humerus is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 irregular
	 sesamoid
	 short
	 long
	 flat

long

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The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the
	 condyle.
	 trochanter.
	 tuberosity.
	 tubercle.
	 ramus.

trochanter.

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A hole through a bone is termed a
	 facet.
	 linea.
	 foramen.
	 tubercle.
	 ramus.

foramen.

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The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a
	 crest.
	 trochlea.
	 ridge.
	 head.
	 condyle.

condyle.

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A shallow depression on a bone is termed a
	 facet.
	 sulcus.
	 fissure.
	 line.
	 fossa.

fossa.

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A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a ________.

sinus

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A(n) ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.

foramen

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ function to break down bone for release of calcium.
        osteocytes
        osteoblasts
        osteoclasts
        oteoprogenitor cells

osteoclasts

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Which of the following characteristics applies to the cells known as osteoclasts?
	 They are stem cells.
	 The cells secrete matrix.
	 The cells dissolve matrix.
	 They are mature bone cells.

The cells dissolve matrix.

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Osteoblasts differentiate from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 osteoclasts
	 osteomedullary cells
	 osteocytes
	 osteoprogenitor cells

osteoprogenitor cells

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Osteoblasts are squamous cells that develop into ___________.
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts develop into all three of these cell types.

osteocytes

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The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a
	 Volkmann's canal.
	 Haversian canal.
	 lacuna.
	 Venetian canal.
	 trabecula.

lacuna.

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.
	 Osteoid
	 Osteoprogenitor
	 Chondroblast
	 Osteocyte
	 Osteoclast

Osteoprogenitor

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The lacunae of osseous tissue contain
	 osteocytes.
	 capillaries.
	 blood cells.
	 bone marrow.
	 chondroblasts.

osteocytes

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Spongy bone comprises an open meshwork of osseous spicules called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 osteons
	 trabeculae
	 concentric lamellae
	 lacunae

trabeculae

The type of bone that forms the diaphysis of a long bone is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 spongy
	 trabecular
	 compact
	 cancellous

compact

Spongy bone is filled with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 fatty marrow
	 red marrow
	 compact bone
	 the osteons

red marrow

Fat is stored within the
	 epiphysis.
	 spongy bone.
	 metaphysis.
	 diaphysis.
	 medullary cavity.

medullary cavity.

``` In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are proximal. diagonal. anterior. parallel. radial. ```

parallel.

The trabeculae of spongy bone are composed mostly of cartilage. are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis. will collapse under stress. are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. are organized along stress lines.

are organized along stress lines.

``` Migration of blood vessels into the central region of the cartilage bone model, starting bone development, occurs at which site? periosteum primary ossification center secondary ossification center epiphysis ```

primary ossification center

Migration of osteoblasts into the ___________ creates the __________. diaphysis, tertiary ossification center epiphysis, secondary ossification center epiphysis, primary ossification center diaphysis, secondary ossification center

epiphysis, secondary ossification center

Oxygen and nutrients are essential to osteoblasts and formation of new bone.

``` What structure is necessary for a bone to grow in length? periosteal bud diaphysis lacunae epiphyseal cartilage ```

epiphyseal cartilage

``` Endochondral bone development begins with the formation of a(n) __________. epiphysis metaphysis cartilage model diaphysis ```

cartilage model

``` The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as hardening. osteogenesis. remodeling. calcification. ossification. ```

ossification.

``` Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification? roof of the skull the roof of the skull and the clavicle carpal bones femur clavicle ```

the roof of the skull and the clavicle

``` Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n) osteoblasts model. membranous model. calcified model. cartilage model. fibrous connective-tissue model. ```

cartilage model.

``` Secondary ossification centers occur at the periosteum. in the epiphyses. in the diaphysis. in dermal bones. in the metaphyses. ```

in the epiphyses.

Which of these cell types plays a role in bone remodeling? osteoclast osteoblast osteocyte All of these types of cells are involved in bone remodeling.

All of these types of cells are involved in bone remodeling.

If osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, bones may become __________. stronger denser thicker Any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts.

Any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts.

``` Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin calcitriol thyroid hormones ```

calcitonin

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?) increase osteoclasts increase osteoblasts on bone increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney

increase osteoblasts on bone

``` PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? calcitriol thyroid hormones calcitonin vitamin D ```

calcitriol

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin calcitriol

calcitriol

``` Calcitriol is required for __________. collagen synthesis quieting osteoblasts activating osteoclasts absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate ```

absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate

``` A lack of exercise could cause bones to store more calcium. cause bones to become longer. cause bones to lose their medullary cavity. cause bones to become thicker. result in porous and weak bones. ```

result in porous and weak bones.

``` Which hormone increases blood calcium upon secretion? Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) parathyroid hormone (PTH) growth factor thyroid hormone ```

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

``` Parathyroid hormone causes what response in the kidneys? retention of calcium ions increased osteoblast activity increased rate of calcium uptake decreased calcium ion retention ```

retention of calcium ions

``` Roughly what portion of the body's total calcium content is deposited in the skeleton? 75% 99% 95% 85% ```

99%

``` A drop in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of __________. thyroid hormone parathyroid hormone calcitonin growth hormone ```

parathyroid hormone

``` A child with rickets often has oversized facial bones. inadequate muscle development. long fingers. bowed legs. frequent bruises. ```

bowed legs.

``` Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of potassium. sodium. calcium. iron. sulfate. ```

calcium.

How is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone? Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract so calcium is available for ossification and remodeling. Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity. Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification. Vitamin D replaces calcium in the skeleton. Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix.

Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract so calcium is available for ossification and remodeling.

``` Which of the following is formed immediately after a fracture? external callus hematoma spongy bone internal callus ```

hematoma

``` When a fractured bone heals it leaves a thickened region known as a ____________. fracture hematoma bone scab tuberosity callus ```

callus