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A&P 507 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?
	 Lateral
	 Apical
	 Glandular
	 Basolateral
A

Basolateral

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2
Q 
Which instrument is essential to the study of histology?
	 endoscope
	 laser
	 force gauge
	 microscope
A

microscope

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3
Q 
The tissue that always has an apical surface is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 muscle tissue
	 connective tissue
	 nervous tissue
	 epithelial tissue
A

epithelial tissue

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4
Q 
Which of these is not one of the four recognized tissue types?
	 connective tissue
	 neural tissue
	 nasal tissue
	 muscle tissue
A

nasal tissue

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5
Q

The study of tissues is called ________.

A

histology

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6
Q 
The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is
	 connective tissue.
	 basal tissue.
	 muscle tissue.
	 epithelial tissue.
	 apical tissue.
A

epithelial tissue.

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7
Q 
Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except
	 attachment.
	 avascularity.
	 polarity.
	 extracellular matrix.
	 regeneration.
A

extracellular matrix.

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8
Q 
Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except
	 absorption.
	 supporting muscle cells.
	 producing specialized secretions.
	 providing physical protection.
	 controlling permeability.
A

supporting muscle cells.

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9
Q 
Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at their free surface.
	 cilia
	 microvilli
	 mitochondria
	 junctional complexes
	 Golgi complexes
A

microvilli

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10
Q 
A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n)
	 gap junction.
	 desmosome.
	 intermediate junction.
	 occluding junction.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

occluding junction.

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11
Q 
Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called
	 desmosomes.
	 intermediate junctions.
	 junctional complexes.
	 gap junctions.
	 tight junctions.
A

desmosomes.

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12
Q 
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
	 interfacial canals.
	 proteoglycan.
	 keratin.
	 a reticular lamina.
	 a basal lamina.
A

a basal lamina.

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13
Q

Germinative cells

1. divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
2. start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue.
3. cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue.
4. cannot divide.
5. make up most of the epithelial type of tissue.
A
  1. divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
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14
Q 
Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue.
	 connective
	 muscle
	 neural
	 adipose
	 epithelial
A

epithelial

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15
Q 
Which type of secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm?
	 Autocrine
	 Merocrine
	 Apocrine
	 Holocrine
A

Apocrine

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16
Q 
Which type of compound gland is found in salivary glands?
	 Alveolar
	 Simple branched
	 Compound tubuloalveolar
	 Tubular
A

Compound tubuloalveolar

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17
Q 
The most common cell type in dense regular connective tissue is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 macrophage
	 mast cell
	 adipocyte
	 fibroblast
A

fibroblast

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18
Q 
Cells that are flat and thin are classified as
	 columnar.
	 squamous.
	 transitional.
	 cuboidal.
	 blasts.
A

squamous

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19
Q 
Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are
	 endocrine glands.
	 holocrine glands.
	 merocrine glands.
	 sudoriferous glands.
	 apocrine glands.
A

holocrine glands.

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20
Q 
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are
	 interstitial glands.
	 endocrine glands.
	 holocrine glands.
	 exocrine glands.
	 merocrine glands.
A

endocrine glands.

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21
Q 
Secretions through a duct might provide \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, whereas ductless secretions act as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 transport media; physical protectors
	 superficial relief; interstitial fluid
	 odors; alarms
	 enzymes; hormones
	 lubrication; lubricators
A

enzymes; hormones

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22
Q 
Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ secretion.
	 holocrine
	 mucous
	 serous
	 merocrine
	 apocrine
A

merocrine

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23
Q 
Unicellular exocrine glands secrete
	 mucus.
	 insulin.
	 sebum.
	 milk.
	 sweat.
A

mucus.

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24
Q

Gland cells produce ________.

A

secretions

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25
Q 
Which cell is present in many connective tissues that can differentiate into different types of cells?
	 Adipocytes
	 Mesenchymal
	 Fibroblasts
	 Melanocytes
A

Mesenchymal

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26
Q 
Which white blood cell is important in removing foreign bacteria?
	 Eosinophil
	 Basophil
	 Erythrocyte
	 Monocyte
A

Monocyte

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27
Q 
Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?
	 adipocyte
	 chondroblast
	 squamous cell
	 chondrocyte
	 fibroblast
A

fibroblast

28
Q 
Blood is which type of tissue?
Blood is which type of tissue?
	 muscle
	 mesenchyme
	 nerve
	 epithelial
	 connective
A

connective

29
Q 
The sticky material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the
	 gel matrix.
	 ground substance.
	 cytosol.
	 crista.
	 cytoplasm.
A

ground substance.

30
Q 
The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is
	 connectin.
	 collagen.
	 actin.
	 elastin.
	 myosin.
A

collagen.

31
Q

The three categories of connective tissues are

1. areolar, adipose, and dense tissues.
2. connective tissue proper, cartilages, and bone.
3. epithelial, muscle, and neural tissues.
4. glandular, exocrine, and endocrine.
5. connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
A
  1. connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
32
Q 
Two classes of macrophages include
	 mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
	 neutrophils and eosinophils.
	 mast cells and basophils.
	 microphages and adipocytes.
	 fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
A

fixed macrophages and free macrophages.

33
Q 
Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are
	 tendons.
	 areolar tissue.
	 dense irregular connective tissues.
	 ligaments.
	 reticular tissues.
A

dense irregular connective tissues.

34
Q 
Wharton's jelly is a form of
	 Marfan's syndrome.
	 mucous connective tissue.
	 collagen fibers.
	 ground substance.
	 embryonic epithelium.
A

mucous connective tissue.

35
Q

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
polar, cellular, and permeable.
loose, dense, and irregular.
collagen, reticular, and elastic.
tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments.
cartilage, bone, and collagen.

A

collagen, reticular, and elastic.

36
Q 
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
	 melanocytes.
	 adipocytes.
	 mast cells.
	 macrophages.
	 fibroblasts.
A

macrophages.

37
Q 
Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are
	 plasmocytes.
	 fibroblasts.
	 mesenchymal stem cells.
	 mast cells.
	 lymphocytes.
A

mesenchymal stem cells.

38
Q

In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine.

A

mast

39
Q 
The tissue that covers cartilage is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 periosteum
	 perichondrium
	 perimaceum
	 perimysium
A

perichondrium

40
Q 
Bone is also called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 cartilage
	 adipose tissue
	 osteocyte
	 osseous tissue
A

osseous tissue

41
Q 
The most common type of cartilage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cartilage.
	 elastic
	 hyaline
	 fibrous
	 osseous
	 ligamentous
A

hyaline

42
Q 
A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
	 areolar connective tissue.
	 bone.
	 dense regular connective tissue.
	 cartilage.
	 epithelium.
A

cartilage.

43
Q 
Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
	 perichondrium.
	 periosteum.
	 matrix.
	 lacunae.
	 canaliculi.
A

perichondrium.

44
Q 
Unlike cartilage, bone
	 is highly vascular.
	 has a matrix that contains collagen.
	 is a connective tissue.
	 has cells within lacunae.
	 has an outer covering.
A

is highly vascular.

45
Q

Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that blocks the growth of blood vessels.

A

chondrocytes

46
Q

A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?

A

fibrous

47
Q 
The serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 periosteum
	 peritoneum
	 pleura
	 pericardium
A

pleura

48
Q 
Which of the following membrane types lines joint capsules?
	 serous
	 mucous
	 synovial
	 cutaneous
A

synovial

49
Q 
The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the
	 deep fascia.
	 epidermis.
	 superficial fascia.
	 dermis.
	 subserous fascia.
A

superficial fascia.

50
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle tissue lack(s) microscopic striations.
	 Smooth
	 Cardiac and smooth
	 Skeletal
	 Cardiac
A

Smooth

51
Q 
Myosatellite cells are found within \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle.
	 skeletal and smooth
	 skeletal
	 smooth
	 cardiac
A

skeletal

52
Q 
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of
	 skeletal muscle tissue.
	 smooth muscle tissue.
	 all types of muscle tissue.
	 cardiac muscle tissue.
	 nerve tissue.
A

cardiac muscle tissue.

53
Q 
Which structure receives information, typically, from other neurons?
	 Microfibrils
	 Axon
	 Dendrite
	 Telodendria
A

Dendrite

54
Q 
Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue.
	 connective
	 epithelial
	 osseous
	 neural
	 areolar
A

neural

55
Q

All of the following are true of neurons, except that
they are separated from one another by synapses.
they are composed of a soma and axon.
when mature, they lose the ability to divide.
they conduct a nervous impulse.
they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.

A

they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.

56
Q

________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells.

A

neuroglia

57
Q 
Mast cells, in the process of stimulating an inflammatory response, secrete all EXCEPT which of the following?
	 Prostaglandins
	 Histamine
	 Interleukin-1
	 Heparin
A

Interleukin-1

58
Q 
Which of these assists in tissue repair by dividing?
	 mast cells
	 mesenchymal stem cells
	 plasmocytes
	 fibrocytes
A

mesenchymal stem cells

59
Q 
Secretions from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ control the process of inflammation.
	 mast cells
	 mesenchymal stem cells
	 fibrocytes
	 plasmocytes
A

mast cells

60
Q 
The body's first response to injury is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 sweating
	 bleeding
	 inflammation
	 pain
A

inflammation

61
Q

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?
axon
soma
dendrites

A

soma

62
Q

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
transitional epithelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

63
Q

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple cuboidal epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

64
Q

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?
simple columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

65
Q

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?
cardiac
skeletal
smooth

A

skeletal

66
Q

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?
skeletal
smooth
cardiac

A

cardiac

A&P 507 (12 decks)

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