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A&P 507 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q 
Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to
	 gate open ion channels.
	 contact a specialized olfactory cell.
	 bind to receptors in olfactory cilia.
	 be transported to the olfactory bulbs.
	 respond to applied pressure.
A

bind to receptors in olfactory cilia.

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2
Q 
Which is NOT part of the pathway for the sense of smell?
	 Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
	 Cranial nerve pair I
	 Olfactory bulb
	 Frontal sinus
A

Frontal sinus

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3
Q 
Which of the following is involved in the gustatory perception of amino acids?
	 Filiform papillae
	 Basal cells
	 Receptors in the throat
	 Umami receptors
A

Umami receptors

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4
Q 
Gustatory receptors are found in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 lingual papillae
	 the skin
	 the cochlea
	 the retina
A

lingual papillae

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5
Q 
Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?
	 vision
	 proprioception
	 hearing
	 equilibrium
	 olfaction
A

olfaction

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6
Q

How would a molecule that mimics cAMP affect an olfactory receptor?
It would increase sodium permeability.
It would depolarize the olfactory receptor.
It would open chemically-gated sodium channels.
It could trigger an afferent action potential.
All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

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7
Q 
Gustatory receptors function most like \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 photoreceptors
	 olfactory receptors
	 hair cells
	 vestibular receptors
A

olfactory receptors

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8
Q 
The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of
	 light receptors in the eye.
	 mechanoreceptors in the ear.
	 Meissner corpuscles.
	 lamellated corpuscles.
	 olfactory receptors.
A

olfactory receptors.

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9
Q 
Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves
	 VII, IX, X.
	 IX, XI, XII.
	 VII, VIII, IX.
	 V, VII, IX.
	 IX, X, XI.
A

VII, IX, X.

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10
Q 
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?
	 salty
	 peppery
	 umami
	 sour
	 sweet
A

peppery

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11
Q

The sense of taste is also known as ________.

A

gustation.

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12
Q 
Which of the following is found in the optic disc?
	 Choroid
	 Axons of ganglion cells
	 Rods and cones
	 Axons of bipolar neurons
A

Axons of ganglion cells

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13
Q

The “white” of the eye is part of the __________ tunic.
fibrous
vascular
neural
The “white” of the eye is part of all of these.

A

fibrous

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14
Q 
The gritty deposit that accumulates in the medial canthus is secreted by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 lacrimal caruncle
	 Meibomian glands
	 chalazion
	 palpebrae
A

lacrimal caruncle

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15
Q

Bipolar neurons in the retina __________.
are a class of photoreceptors
send axons into cranial nerve II
synapse with ganglion cells
connect amacrine cells with horizontal cells

A

synapse with ganglion cells

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16
Q 
Lacrimal glands \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 moisten the cornea
	 produce a watery secretion
	 produce lysozyme
	 Lacrimal glands perform all of these functions.
A

Lacrimal glands perform all of these functions.

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17
Q

All of the following are true of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it
produces aqueous humor.
is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.
provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea.
contributes substantial focusing power.

A

produces aqueous humor.

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18
Q

Which of these is the correct pathway for transmission of visual information?
photoreceptor → bipolar cell → ganglion cell
photoreceptor → bipolar cell → horizontal cell
photoreceptor → horizontal cell → ganglion cell
ganglion cell → bipolar cell → photoreceptor

A

photoreceptor → bipolar cell → ganglion cell

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19
Q 
Which of these is not one of the three layers of the eye?
	 neural tunic
	 vascular tunic
	 fibrous tunic
	 scleral tunic
A

scleral tunic

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20
Q

Which of the following is true of the vascular tunic of the eye?
regulates the amount of light entering the eye
controls the shape of the lens
secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

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21
Q 
The neural tunic of the eye
	 is the deepest layer of the eyeball.
	 contains ganglion cells.
	 contains bipolar cells.
	 contains the photoreceptor cells.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

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22
Q 
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by
	 changing shape.
	 moving in and out.
	 dilating and constricting.
	 opening and closing.
	 moving up and down.
A

changing shape.

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23
Q 
The space between the cornea and the iris is the
	 anterior chamber.
	 posterior chamber.
	 aqueous humor.
	 pupil.
	 canal of Schlemm.
A

anterior chamber.

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24
Q 
The shape of the lens is controlled by the
	 ciliary muscles.
	 cornea.
	 iris.
	 pupillary sphincter muscles.
	 pupillary radial muscles.
A

ciliary muscles.

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25
Q 
The part of the eye that determines eye color is the
	 conjunctiva.
	 iris.
	 canal of Schlemm.
	 cornea.
	 pupil.
A

iris.

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26
Q 
The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the
	 conjunctiva.
	 iris.
	 canthus.
	 pupil.
	 cornea.
A

cornea.

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27
Q 
In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the
	 vitreous humor.
	 lens.
	 iris.
	 aqueous humor.
	 cornea.
A

cornea.

28
Q

The ciliary muscle contracts to
adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision.
adjust the shape of the cornea and vitreous.
adjust the shape of the lens for near vision.
control the amount of light reaching the retina.
control the production of aqueous humor.

A

adjust the shape of the lens for near vision.

29
Q 
Which of the following is a function of tears?
	 lubricate the eye
	 wash away debris
	 nourish the cornea and conjunctiva
	 provide oxygen
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

30
Q 
Which of the following description applies to the term myopia?
	 age-related decline in accommodation
	 nearsightedness
	 normal vision
	 farsightedness
	 astigmatism
A

nearsightedness

31
Q

A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?

1. vitreous body → retina → choroids → aqueous humor → lens → conjunctiva → cornea
2. conjunctiva → cornea → lens → aqueous humor → vitreous body → retina → choroid
3. conjunctiva → cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid
4. cornea → aqueous humor → conjunctiva → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid
5. cornea → aqueous humor → vitreous body → lens → conjunctiva → choroids → retina
A
  1. conjunctiva → cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid
32
Q 
The cornea is part of the
	 choroid.
	 fibrous tunic.
	 neural tunic.
	 uvea.
	 iris.
A

fibrous tunic.

33
Q

If your vision is 20/15, this means that you can

1. see objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet.
2. see objects at 15 feet that individuals with eye problems see at 20 feet.
3. see 20-point type at 15 feet.
4. see all 15 eye chart letters from 20 feet.
5. see objects that are 20 feet or less away.
A
  1. see objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet.
34
Q

The optic disc is a blind spot because
humans are unable to focus light on that area of the retina.
the vitreous body is too thick in this area for the passage of light.
the fovea prevents light from striking the optic disc.
the retina lacks nerves in the optic disc.
there are no photoreceptors in that area.

A

there are no photoreceptors in that area.

35
Q

A(n) ________ is an infection in one of the glands on the eyelids.

A

sty

36
Q 
All visual pigments contain \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ derived from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 rhodopsin; vitamin A
	 retinal; vitamin A
	 rhodopsin; vitamin D
	 retinal; vitamin D
A

retinal; vitamin A

37
Q 
The region of the retina that contains only tightly packed cones is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 fovea
	 inner compartment
	 inner segment
	 tapetum lucidum
A

fovea

38
Q 
"An elongated outer segment containing membranous discs that is connected by a thin stalk to the inner segment" best describes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 a photoreceptor
	 an amacrine cell
	 a horizontal cell
	 a bipolar cell
A

a photoreceptor

39
Q 
Retinal, a component of all the visual pigments, is made from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 vitamin D
	 vitamin K
	 vitamin E
	 vitamin A
A

vitamin A

40
Q

In the light-adapted state,
colors are dull.
we would see better in the dark.
photoreceptors are much more sensitive to stimulation.
photoreceptors are much less sensitive to stimulation.
we can only see color, and not black and white.

A

photoreceptors are much less sensitive to stimulation.

41
Q

Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest?
under normal room light
focusing intently on a distant object
in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes
focusing intently on a close object
immediately after going outside in bright sunlight

A

in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes

42
Q 
There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated
	 yellow, red, blue.
	 red, green, blue.
	 red, green, yellow.
	 red, yellow, blue.
	 red, white, blue.
A

red, green, blue.

43
Q

The first step in the process of photoreception is
absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.
the bleaching of rods.
the bleaching of cones.
inhibition of the sodium pumps.
release of neurotransmitter.

A

absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.

44
Q 
When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive
	 green.
	 blue.
	 red.
	 blackness.
	 white.
A

white.

45
Q 
Which of the following is true about rhodopsin?
	 is bleached during photoreception
	 is the visual pigment in rods
	 called visual purple
	 consists of opsin + retinal
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

46
Q

Which of the following statements about the retina is true?
It has photoreceptors that do not respond to red light.
Axons carrying its output synapse in the thalamus.
It has photoreceptors that do not respond to dim light.
Ganglion cells send axons to the brain as cranial nerve II.
All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

47
Q

A(n) ________ is a basic unit or packet of light energy.

A

photon

48
Q

What would result from inflammation and blockage in the area indicated by the arrow?
Loss of equilibrium
Infection of the cochlea
Fluid accumulation in the tympanic cavity
Swelling of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Fluid accumulation in the tympanic cavity

49
Q

What is the function of the cristae within ampullae?
Generates nerve impulses when the body accelerates
Transmits vibrations from sound waves to the cochlea
Generates nerve impulses when the head rotates
Generates nerve impulses for hearing

A

Generates nerve impulses when the head rotates

50
Q 
The chain of ossicles begins at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and ends at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 tympanic membrane; round window
	 cochlea; round window
	 tympanic membrane; oval window
	 cochlea; oval window
A

tympanic membrane; oval window

51
Q 
A sudden loud noise will reflexively cause the tensor tympani muscle to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and cause the stapedius muscle to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 relax; relax
	 contract; relax
	 contract; contract
	 relax; contract
A

contract; contract

52
Q 
Cochlear hair cells are located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 vestibule
	 perilymph
	 acoustic meatus
	 organ of Corti
A

organ of Corti

53
Q 
The external acoustic meatus ends at
	 the auditory ossicles.
	 the vestibule.
	 the tympanic membrane.
	 the cochlea.
	 the pinna.
A

the tympanic membrane.

54
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity.
	 saccule
	 cochlea
	 ampulla
	 utricle and the saccule
	 utricle
A

utricle and the saccule

55
Q

A loud noise causes
an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation.
a large movement of the tympanic membrane.
reflex contractions of middle ear muscles.
a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window.
All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

56
Q 
The auditory ossicles connect the
	 oval window to the round window.
	 stapedius to the tympanic membrane.
	 tympanic membrane to the round window.
	 tympanic membrane to the oval window.
	 otitis to the media.
A

tympanic membrane to the oval window.

57
Q 
The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the
	 membranous labyrinth.
	 bony labyrinth.
	 auditory meatus.
	 auricle.
	 auditory tube.
A

auditory tube.

58
Q 
The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors in the
	 organ of Schlemm.
	 bony labyrinth.
	 inner ear.
	 membranous endolymph.
	 perilymph.
A

inner ear.

59
Q 
The structure that forms the "roof" of the organ of Corti is the
	 stapedius.
	 tectorial membrane.
	 basilar membrane.
	 endolymph.
	 perilymph.
A

tectorial membrane.

60
Q 
Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the
	 cochlea.
	 statoconia.
	 saccule and utricle.
	 semicircular canals.
	 organ of Corti.
A

saccule and utricle.

61
Q 
The region of the ampulla that contains the receptors for rotational (dynamic) equilibrium are called
	 cristae.
	 utricles.
	 fovea.
	 maculae.
	 ampullae.
A

cristae.

62
Q

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals
produces a rushing sound.
signals linear acceleration.
signals body position with respect to gravity.
allows us to hear low tones.
signals rotational movements.

A

signals rotational movements.

63
Q 
The structure attached to the oval window that transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is the
	 incus.
	 malleus.
	 basilar membrane.
	 auditory tube.
	 stapes.
A

stapes.

64
Q 
Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the
	 semicircular canals.
	 basilar membrane.
	 spiral organ.
	 utricle and saccule.
	 bony labyrinth.
A

utricle and saccule.

65
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes?
moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts
auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane
bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells
necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
seals the oval window

A

seals the oval window

66
Q 
Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the
	 round window.
	 oval window.
	 cochlea.
	 auditory ossicles.
	 tympanic membrane.
A

tympanic membrane.

67
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia?
move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
seal the oval window
bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium

A

bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

A&P 507 (12 decks)

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