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Intro To Applied Forensics > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A verbal description of a perpetrator’s physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness

A

Portrait parlé

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2
Q

A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed by Alphonse Bertillon

A

Anthropometry

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3
Q

A fingerprint is an individual characteristic; no two fingers have yet been found to possess identical ridge characteristics

A

First principle

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4
Q

Ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details, which must match in two fingerprints in order for their common origin to be established

A

Ridge characteristics (minutiae)

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5
Q

Skin cells nearest to the surface make up the outer portion of skin

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Skin cells that make up the inner skin

A

Dermis

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7
Q

A boundary of cells separating the epidermis and the dermis; determines the form and pattern of the ridges on the surface of the skin

A

Dermal papillae

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8
Q

A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked eye

A

Latent fingerprint

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9
Q

A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit the same side of the pattern

A

Loop

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10
Q

A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular in shape and have two deltas

A

Whorl

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11
Q

A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side and flow out the other side

A

Arch

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12
Q

When a loop opens toward the little finger

A

Ulnar loop

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13
Q

When a loop opens toward the thumb

A

Radial loop

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14
Q

The pattern area of the loop is surrounded by two diverging ridges

A

Type lines

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15
Q

The ridge at or nearest the type line divergence and located at or directly in front of the point of divergence

A

Delta

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16
Q

The approximate center of the pattern

A

Core

17
Q

Formed by ridges entering from one side of the print and exiting on the opposite side

A

Plain arch

18
Q

Similar to the plain arch except there is a sharp up thrust or spike, or the ridges meet at an angle that is less than 90 degrees

A

Tented arch

19
Q

An ink less device that captures the digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits the images to an AFIS

A

Livescan

20
Q

A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface

A

Visible print

21
Q

A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface, such as putty, wax, soap, or dust

A

Plastic print

22
Q

Are available in a variety of colors and when applied adheres to perspiration residues and/or deposits of body oils left on the surface

A

Fingerprint powders

23
Q

A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors

A

Iodine fuming

24
Q

A physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state

A

Sublimination

25
Q

A chemical reagent used to developing chemical latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration

A

Ninhydrin

26
Q

A silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces

A

Physical developer

27
Q

A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors; named for the commercial product Super Glue

A

Superglue fuming

28
Q

To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength

A

Fluoresce

29
Q

A process through which a picture is converted into a series of square electronic dots known as pixels; the picture is manipulated by computer software that changes the numerical value of each pixel

A

Digital imaging

30
Q

A square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image

A

Pixel

31
Q

Images composed of only black and white elements

A

Grayscale images

32
Q

Reveals the degree of detail that can be seen in an image

A

Resolution

33
Q

Used to identify periodic or repetitive patterns such as lines or dots that interfere with the interpretation of the image

A

Frequency analysis (frequency Fourier transform)

Intro To Applied Forensics (12 decks)

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