Chapter 4

Question 1

The method used to support a likely sequence of events at a crime scene by the observation and evaluation of physical evidence and statements made by individuals involved with the incident

Answer 1

Crime-scene reconstruction

Question 2

Small drops of blood that are distributed around the perimeter of a drop or drops of blood and were produced as a result of the blood impacting the target surface

Answer 2

Satellite spatter

Question 3

The acute angle formed between the path of a blood drop and the surface that it contacts

Answer 3

Angle of impact

Question 4

A bloodstain pattern produced when an object makes forceful contact with a source of blood, projecting drops of blood outward from the source

Answer 4

Impact spatter

Question 5

Blood that travels away from the source in the same direction as force that caused the spatter

Answer 5

Forward spatter

Question 6

Blood directed back toward the source of the force that caused the spatter

Answer 6

Back spatter

Question 7

An impact spare pattern created by a force traveling at 5 feet per second or less and producing drops with diameters greater than 3 millimeters

Answer 7

Low-velocity spatter

Question 8

An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 to 25 feet per second and producing drops with diameters between 1 and 3 millimeters

Answer 8

Medium-velocity spatter

Question 9

An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 100 feet per second or faster and producing drops with diameters less than 1 millimeter

Answer 9

High-velocity spatter

Question 10

The area on a two-dimensional plane where lines traced through the long axis of several individual bloodstains meet; this approximates the two-dimensional place from which the bloodstains were projected

Answer 10

Area of convergence

Question 11

The location in three-dimensional space from which blood that produced a bloodstain originated; the location of the area of convergence and the angle of impact for each bloodstain is used to approximate this area

Answer 11

Area of origin

Question 12

A bloodstain pattern that is created when blood is flung from a blood-bearing object in motion onto a surface

Answer 12

Cast-off

Question 13

A characteristic bloodstain pattern containing spurts that resulted from blood exiting under pressure from an arterial injury

Answer 13

Arterial spray

Question 14

A pattern created by blood that is expelled out of the nose, mouth, or respiratory system as a result of air pressure and/or airflow

Answer 14

Expirated blood pattern

Question 15

An area within a deposited spatter pattern that is clear of spatter, caused by an object or person blocking the area at the time of the spatter’s deposition

Answer 15

Void

Question 16

A bloodstain pattern created when a surface that carries wet blood comes in contact with a second surface; recognizable imprints of all or a portion of the surface or the direction of movement may be observed

Answer 16

Transfer pattern

Question 17

A bloodstain pattern formed by the movement of small or large amounts of blood as a result of gravity’s pull

Answer 17

Flow

Question 18

The process by which the edges of a stain dry to the surface in a specific period of time (dependent on environmental and surface conditions); skeletonization remains apparent even after the rest of the bloodstain has been disturbed from its original position

Answer 18

Skeletonization

Question 19

A pattern of bloodstains formed by the dripping of blood off a moving surface or person in a recognizable pathway separate from other patterns

Answer 19

Drip trail pattern